| Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22071811 Owner: NLM Status: In-Data-Review |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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BACKGROUND: In spite of more than 100 years of investigations the question of reduced sodium intake as a health prophylaxis initiative is still unsolved. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effects of low sodium versus high sodium intake on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), plasma or serum levels of renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides. SEARCH STRATEGY: PUBMED, EMBASE and Cochrane Central and reference lists of relevant articles were searched from 1950 to July 2011. SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies randomizing persons to low sodium and high sodium diets were included if they evaluated at least one of the above outcome parameters. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently collected data, which were analysed with Review Manager 5.1. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 167 studies were included in this 2011 update.The effect of sodium reduction in normotensive Caucasians was SBP -1.27 mmHg (95% CI: -1.88, -0.66; p=0.0001), DBP -0.05 mmHg (95% CI: -0.51, 0.42; p=0.85). The effect of sodium reduction in normotensive Blacks was SBP -4.02 mmHg (95% CI:-7.37, -0.68; p=0.002), DBP -2.01 mmHg (95% CI:-4.37, 0.35; p=0.09). The effect of sodium reduction in normotensive Asians was SBP -1.27 mmHg (95% CI: -3.07, 0.54; p=0.17), DBP -1.68 mmHg (95% CI:-3.29, -0.06; p=0.04). The effect of sodium reduction in hypertensive Caucasians was SBP -5.48 mmHg (95% CI: -6.53, -4.43; p<0.00001), DBP -2.75 mmHg (95% CI: -3.34, -2.17; p<0.00001). The effect of sodium reduction in hypertensive Blacks was SBP -6.44 mmHg (95% CI:-8.85, -4.03; p=0.00001), DBP -2.40 mmHg (95% CI:-4.68, -0.12; p=0.04). The effect of sodium reduction in hypertensive Asians was SBP -10.21 mmHg (95% CI:-16.98, -3.44; p=0.003), DBP -2.60 mmHg (95% CI: -4.03, -1.16; p=0.0004).In plasma or serum there was a significant increase in renin (p<0.00001), aldosterone (p<0.00001), noradrenaline (p<0.00001), adrenaline (p<0.0002), cholesterol (p<0.001) and triglyceride (p<0.0008) with low sodium intake as compared with high sodium intake. In general the results were similar in studies with a duration of at least 2 weeks. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Sodium reduction resulted in a 1% decrease in blood pressure in normotensives, a 3.5% decrease in hypertensives, a significant increase in plasma renin, plasma aldosterone, plasma adrenaline and plasma noradrenaline, a 2.5% increase in cholesterol, and a 7% increase in triglyceride. In general, these effects were stable in studies lasting for 2 weeks or more. |
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Authors:
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Niels Albert Graudal; Thorbjorn Hubeck-Graudal; Gesche Jurgens |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article Date: 2011-11-09 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) Volume: 11 ISSN: 1469-493X ISO Abbreviation: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Publication Date: 2011 |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-11-10 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 100909747 Medline TA: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: CD004022 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Dep. of Rheumatology TA4242/Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, Denmark, DK-2100. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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