| Effects of lead and exercise on endurance and learning in young herring gulls. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 14759659 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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In this paper, we report the use of young herring gulls, Larus argentatus, to examine the effect of lead and exercise on endurance, performance, and learning on a treadmill. Eighty 1-day-old herring gull chicks were randomly assigned to either a control group or a lead treatment group that received a single dose of lead acetate solution (100mg/kg) at day 2. Controls were injected with an equal volume of isotonic saline at the same age. Half of the lead treatment group and half of the control group were randomly assigned to an exercise regime of walking on a treadmill twice each day. The other group remained in their cages. We test the null hypotheses that neither lead nor exercise affected performance of herring gull chicks when subsequently tested on the treadmill at 7, 11, and 17 days post-injection. Performance measures included latency to orient forward initially, to move continuously, forward on the treadmill, and to avoiding being bumped against the back of the test chamber. Also measured were the number of calls per 15 s, and the time to tire out. Latency to face forward and avoiding being bumped against the back of the test chamber were measures of learning, and time to tire out was a measure of endurance. We found significant differences as a function of lead, exercise, and their interaction, and rejected the null hypotheses. For all measures of behavior and endurance, lead had the greatest contribution to accounting for variability. In general, lead-treated birds showed better performance improvement from the daily exercise than did controlled non-lead birds, with respect to endurance and learning. We suggest that in nature, exercise can improve performance of lead-exposed birds by partially mitigating the effects of lead, thereby increasing survival of lead-impaired chicks. |
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Authors:
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Joanna Burger; Michael Gochfeld |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Volume: 57 ISSN: 0147-6513 ISO Abbreviation: Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. Publication Date: 2004 Feb |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2004-02-04 Completed Date: 2004-05-19 Revised Date: 2007-11-14 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7805381 Medline TA: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 136-44 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. burger@biology.rutgers.edu |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Birds* Environmental Pollutants / toxicity* Fatigue Lead / toxicity* Learning* Physical Conditioning, Animal / physiology* Physical Endurance Random Allocation |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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ESO 5022/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Environmental Pollutants; 7439-92-1/Lead |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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