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Effects of insulin on the vasculature.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  20807190     Owner:  NLM     Status:  In-Data-Review    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
Revascularization procedures used for the treatment of cardiovascular disease can be associated with restenosis, although drug-coated stents have greatly reduced this complication. Both type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with a high risk for atherosclerosis and restenosis. Insulin resistance, defined as the inability of insulin to exert its metabolic actions, characterizes both T2DM and MetS. Recent data suggest that insulin resistance is directly implicated in atherosclerosis/restenosis, because of the unresponsiveness to the vasculoprotective action of insulin, including its phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase mediated enhancement of endothelial function. However, insulin also has 'atherogenic' actions, including enhancement of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, which are mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated. These 'atherogenic' actions are less affected by insulin resistance, which mainly involves the PI3K pathway. The role of insulin in the atherosclerotic disease process is still highly controversial, where some investigators view insulin as a growth factor with pro-atherogenic effects while some others believe insulin resistance to be pro-atherogenic rather than insulin itself. We attempt to produce a balanced review with a focus on the effect of insulin in vivo, in animal models of atherosclerosis and restenosis.
Authors:
Danna M Breen; Adria Giacca
Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article    
Journal Detail:
Title:  Current vascular pharmacology     Volume:  9     ISSN:  1875-6212     ISO Abbreviation:  Curr Vasc Pharmacol     Publication Date:  2011 May 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2011-04-12     Completed Date:  -     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  101157208     Medline TA:  Curr Vasc Pharmacol     Country:  United Arab Emirates    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  321-32     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada. adria.giacca@utoronto.ca.
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