| Effect of estrogen plus progestin on stroke in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative: a randomized trial. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 12771114 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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CONTEXT: The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial of estrogen plus progestin was stopped early because of adverse effects, including an increased risk of stroke in the estrogen plus progestin group. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of estrogen plus progestin on ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and in subgroups, and to determine whether the effect of estrogen plus progestin was modified by baseline levels of blood biomarkers. DESIGN: Multicenter double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial involving 16 608 women aged 50 through 79 years with an average follow-up of 5.6 years. Baseline levels of blood-based markers of inflammation, thrombosis, and lipid levels were measured in the first 140 centrally confirmed stroke cases and 513 controls. INTERVENTIONS: Participants received 0.625 mg/d of conjugated equine estrogen plus 2.5 mg/d of medroxyprogesterone acetate (n = 8506) or placebo (n = 8102). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Overall strokes and stroke subtype and severity were centrally adjudicated by stroke neurologists. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-one patients (1.8%) in the estrogen plus progestin and 107 (1.3%) in the placebo groups had strokes. Overall 79.8% of strokes were ischemic. For combined ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, the intention-to-treat hazard ratio (HR) for estrogen plus progestin vs placebo was 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.68); with adjustment for adherence, the HR was 1.50 (95% CI, 1.08-2.08). The HR for ischemic stroke was 1.44 (95% CI, 1.09-1.90) and for hemorrhagic stroke, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.43-1.56). Point estimates of the HRs indicate that excess risk of all stroke was apparent in all age groups, in all categories of baseline stroke risk, and in women with and without hypertension, prior history of cardiovascular disease, use of hormones, statins, or aspirin. Other risk factors for stroke, including smoking, blood pressure, diabetes, lower use of vitamin C supplements, blood-based biomarkers of inflammation, higher white blood cell count, and higher hematocrit levels did not modify the effect of estrogen plus progestin on stroke risk. CONCLUSIONS: Estrogen plus progestin increases the risk of ischemic stroke in generally healthy postmenopausal women. Excess risk for all strokes attributed to estrogen plus progestin appeared to be present in all subgroups of women examined. |
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Authors:
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Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller; Susan L Hendrix; Marian Limacher; Gerardo Heiss; Charles Kooperberg; Alison Baird; Theodore Kotchen; J David Curb; Henry Black; Jacques E Rossouw; Aaron Aragaki; Monika Safford; Evan Stein; Somchai Laowattana; W Jerry Mysiw; |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. |
Journal Detail:
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Title: JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association Volume: 289 ISSN: 0098-7484 ISO Abbreviation: JAMA Publication Date: 2003 May |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2003-05-28 Completed Date: 2003-06-12 Revised Date: 2009-11-19 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7501160 Medline TA: JAMA Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 2673-84 Citation Subset: AIM; IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. smoller@aecom.yu.edu |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Aged Biological Markers / blood Double-Blind Method Estrogen Replacement Therapy* / adverse effects Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / adverse effects, therapeutic use* Female Humans Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / adverse effects, therapeutic use* Middle Aged Postmenopause Progesterone Congeners / adverse effects, therapeutic use* Proportional Hazards Models Risk Factors Stroke / chemically induced, classification, epidemiology* Survival Analysis |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Biological Markers; 0/Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); 0/Progesterone Congeners; 71-58-9/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate |
| Comments/Corrections | |
Comment In:
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JAMA. 2003 May 28;289(20):2717-9
[PMID:
12771119
]
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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