| Effect of Red Bull energy drink on cardiovascular and renal function. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19653067 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Energy drink consumption has been anecdotally linked to the development of adverse cardiovascular effects in consumers, although clinical trials to support this link are lacking. The effects of Red Bull energy drink on cardiovascular and neurologic functions were examined in college-aged students enrolled at Winona State University. In a double-blind experiment where normal calorie and low calorie Red Bull were compared to normal and low calorie placebos, no changes in overall cardiovascular function nor blood glucose (mg/dL) were recorded in any participant (n = 68) throughout a 2-h test period. However, in the second experiment, nine male and twelve female participants subjected to a cold pressor test (CPT) before and after Red Bull consumption showed a significant increase in blood sugar levels pre- and post Red Bull consumption. There was a significant increase in diastolic blood pressure of the male volunteers immediately after submersion of the hand in the 5 degrees C water for the CPT. Under the influence of Red Bull, the increase in diastolic pressure for the male participants during the CPT was negated. There were no significant changes in the blood pressure of the female participants for the CPT with or without Red Bull. Finally, the CPT was used to evaluate pain threshold and pain tolerance before and after Red Bull consumption. Red Bull consumption was associated with a significant increase in pain tolerance in all participants. These findings suggest that Red Bull consumption ameliorates changes in blood pressure during stressful experiences and increases the participants' pain tolerance. |
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Authors:
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Frances R Ragsdale; Tyler D Gronli; Narjes Batool; Nicole Haight; April Mehaffey; Erin C McMahon; Thomas W Nalli; Carla M Mannello; Crystal J Sell; Patrick J McCann; Gary M Kastello; Tisha Hooks; Ted Wilson |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Controlled Clinical Trial; Journal Article Date: 2009-08-04 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Amino acids Volume: 38 ISSN: 1438-2199 ISO Abbreviation: Amino Acids Publication Date: 2010 Apr |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-04-07 Completed Date: 2010-07-30 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9200312 Medline TA: Amino Acids Country: Austria |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 1193-200 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Biology, Winona State University, Winona, MN 55987, USA. fragsdale@winona.edu |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adaptation, Physiological Adolescent Adult Beverages / adverse effects* Blood Glucose / analysis Blood Pressure Caffeine / adverse effects, analysis, metabolism Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena* Central Nervous System Stimulants* Cold Temperature / adverse effects Dietary Carbohydrates / administration & dosage, adverse effects, metabolism Dietary Supplements / adverse effects*, toxicity* Double-Blind Method Female Heart Rate Humans Kidney / physiology* Male Pain Measurement Pain Threshold Saliva / chemistry Sex Characteristics Stress, Physiological Time Factors Young Adult |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Blood Glucose; 0/Central Nervous System Stimulants; 0/Dietary Carbohydrates; 58-08-2/Caffeine |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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