| Ecological physiology of diet and digestive systems. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21314432 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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The morphological and functional design of gastrointestinal tracts of many vertebrates and invertebrates can be explained largely by the interaction between diet chemical constituents and principles of economic design, both of which are embodied in chemical reactor models of gut function. Natural selection seems to have led to the expression of digestive features that approximately match digestive capacities with dietary loads while exhibiting relatively modest excess. Mechanisms explaining differences in hydrolase activity between populations and species include gene copy number variations and single-nucleotide polymorphisms. In many animals, both transcriptional adjustment and posttranscriptional adjustment mediate phenotypic flexibility in the expression of intestinal hydrolases and transporters in response to dietary signals. Digestive performance of animals depends also on their gastrointestinal microbiome. The microbiome seems to be characterized by large beta diversity among hosts and by a common core metagenome and seems to differ flexibly among animals with different diets. |
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Authors:
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William H Karasov; Carlos Martínez del Rio; Enrique Caviedes-Vidal |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Annual review of physiology Volume: 73 ISSN: 1545-1585 ISO Abbreviation: Annu. Rev. Physiol. Publication Date: 2011 |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-02-14 Completed Date: 2011-07-08 Revised Date: 2012-03-22 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0370600 Medline TA: Annu Rev Physiol Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 69-93 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706, USA. wkarasov@wisc.edu |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Birds / genetics, physiology Carrier Proteins / genetics, physiology Diet* Digestive System / metabolism, microbiology* Digestive System Physiological Phenomena* Fishes / genetics, physiology Gene Dosage / physiology Humans Hydrolases / genetics, physiology Mice Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Primates / genetics, microbiology, physiology Protein Processing, Post-Translational / physiology Rats Selection, Genetic / physiology Transcription, Genetic / physiology |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Carrier Proteins; EC 3.-/Hydrolases |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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