| Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Sudan, 1976. Report of a WHO/International Study Team. | |
| | |
MedLine Citation:
|
PMID: 307455 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
|
A large outbreak of haemorrhagic fever (subsequently named Ebola haemorrhagic fever) occurred in southern Sudan between June and November 1976. There was a total of 284 cases; 67 in the source town of Nzara, 213 in Maridi, 3 in Tembura, and 1 in Juba. The outbreak in Nzara appears to have originated in the workers of a cotton factory. The disease in Maridi was amplified by transmission in a large, active hospital. Transmission of the disease required close contact with an acute case and was usually associated with the act of nursing a patient. The incubation period was between 7 and 14 days. Although the link was not well established, it appears that Nzara could have been the source of infection for a similar outbreak in the Bumba Zone of Zaire.In this outbreak Ebola haemorrhagic fever was a unique clinical disease with a high mortality rate (53% overall) and a prolonged recovery period in those who survived. Beginning with an influenza-like syndrome, including fever, headache, and joint and muscle pains, the disease soon caused diarrhoea (81%), vomiting (59%), chest pain (83%), pain and dryness of the throat (63%), and rash (52%). Haemorrhagic manifestations were common (71%), being present in half of the recovered cases and in almost all the fatal cases.Two post mortems were carried out on patients in November 1976. The histopathological findings resembled those of an acute viral infection and although the features were characteristic they were not exclusively diagnostic. They closely resembled the features described in Marburg virus infection, with focal eosinophilic necrosis in the liver and destruction of lymphocytes and their replacement by plasma cells. One case had evidence of renal tubular necrosis.Two strains of Ebola virus were isolated from acute phase sera collected from acutely ill patients in Maridi hospital during the investigation in November 1976. Antibodies to Ebola virus were detected by immunofluorescence in 42 of 48 patients in Maridi who had been diagnosed clinically, but in only 6 of 31 patients in Nzara. The possibility of the indirect immunofluorescent test not being sufficiently sensitive is discussed.Of Maridi case contacts, in hospital and in the local community, 19% had antibodies. Very few of them gave any history of illness, indicating that Ebola virus can cause mild or even subclinical infections. Of the cloth room workers in the Nzara cotton factory, 37% appeared to have been infected, suggesting that the factory may have been the prime source of infection. |
| | |
Authors:
|
- |
Related Documents
:
|
9684635 - Dengue surveillance in texas, 1995. 2643415 - Serious infections with edwardsiella tarda. a case report and review of the literature. 1797965 - Fatal complications of acute enteric fevers. 9691995 - Recurrent hyperbilirubinaemia, a feature of familial mediterranean fever: report of a c... 8277115 - Case managers and physicians: communication and perceived problems. 20371145 - Prognostic factors in avalanche resuscitation: a systematic review. |
Publication Detail:
|
Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
|
Title: Bulletin of the World Health Organization Volume: 56 ISSN: 0042-9686 ISO Abbreviation: Bull. World Health Organ. Publication Date: 1978 |
Date Detail:
|
Created Date: 1978-09-25 Completed Date: 1978-09-25 Revised Date: 2010-10-26 |
Medline Journal Info:
|
Nlm Unique ID: 7507052 Medline TA: Bull World Health Organ Country: SWITZERLAND |
Other Details:
|
Languages: eng Pagination: 247-70 Citation Subset: IM |
Export Citation:
|
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
|
Adolescent Adult Child Disease Outbreaks* Epidemiologic Methods* Female Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral / epidemiology*, microbiology, transmission Humans Kidney / pathology Liver / pathology Lung / pathology Male Middle Aged Rhabdoviridae / classification, isolation & purification Spleen / pathology Sudan |
| Comments/Corrections | |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Previous Document: Interferon and other antiviral agents, with special reference to influenza: a memorandum.
Next Document: Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Zaire, 1976.