| Eating patterns and type 2 diabetes risk in men: breakfast omission, eating frequency, and snacking. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22456660 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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BACKGROUND: Little is known about the association between eating patterns and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to prospectively examine associations between breakfast omission, eating frequency, snacking, and T2D risk in men. DESIGN: Eating patterns were assessed in 1992 in a cohort of 29,206 US men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study who were free of T2D, cardiovascular disease, and cancer and were followed for 16 y. We used Cox proportional hazards analysis to evaluate associations with incident T2D. RESULTS: We documented 1944 T2D cases during follow-up. After adjustment for known risk factors for T2D, including BMI, men who skipped breakfast had 21% higher risk of T2D than did men who consumed breakfast (RR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.35). Compared with men who ate 3 times/d, men who ate 1-2 times/d had a higher risk of T2D (RR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.45). These findings persisted after stratification by BMI or diet quality. Additional snacks beyond the 3 main meals (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) were associated with increased T2D risk, but these associations were attenuated after adjustment for BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Breakfast omission was associated with an increased risk of T2D in men even after adjustment for BMI. A direct association between snacking between meals and T2D risk was mediated by BMI. |
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Authors:
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Rania A Mekary; Edward Giovannucci; Walter C Willett; Rob M van Dam; Frank B Hu |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Date: 2012-03-28 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: The American journal of clinical nutrition Volume: 95 ISSN: 1938-3207 ISO Abbreviation: Am. J. Clin. Nutr. Publication Date: 2012 May |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2012-04-23 Completed Date: 2012-06-14 Revised Date: 2013-05-02 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0376027 Medline TA: Am J Clin Nutr Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 1182-9 Citation Subset: AIM; IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adult Aged Body Mass Index Body Weight Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / epidemiology* Diet Eating* Follow-Up Studies Food Habits* Glycemic Index Humans Male Middle Aged Nutrition Assessment Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Questionnaires Risk Factors |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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CA55075/CA/NCI NIH HHS; CA95589/CA/NCI NIH HHS; DK58845/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS; P30 DK46200/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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