Document Detail


Eating patterns and type 2 diabetes risk in men: breakfast omission, eating frequency, and snacking.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  22456660     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the association between eating patterns and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to prospectively examine associations between breakfast omission, eating frequency, snacking, and T2D risk in men.
DESIGN: Eating patterns were assessed in 1992 in a cohort of 29,206 US men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study who were free of T2D, cardiovascular disease, and cancer and were followed for 16 y. We used Cox proportional hazards analysis to evaluate associations with incident T2D.
RESULTS: We documented 1944 T2D cases during follow-up. After adjustment for known risk factors for T2D, including BMI, men who skipped breakfast had 21% higher risk of T2D than did men who consumed breakfast (RR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.35). Compared with men who ate 3 times/d, men who ate 1-2 times/d had a higher risk of T2D (RR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.45). These findings persisted after stratification by BMI or diet quality. Additional snacks beyond the 3 main meals (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) were associated with increased T2D risk, but these associations were attenuated after adjustment for BMI.
CONCLUSIONS: Breakfast omission was associated with an increased risk of T2D in men even after adjustment for BMI. A direct association between snacking between meals and T2D risk was mediated by BMI.
Authors:
Rania A Mekary; Edward Giovannucci; Walter C Willett; Rob M van Dam; Frank B Hu
Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural     Date:  2012-03-28
Journal Detail:
Title:  The American journal of clinical nutrition     Volume:  95     ISSN:  1938-3207     ISO Abbreviation:  Am. J. Clin. Nutr.     Publication Date:  2012 May 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2012-04-23     Completed Date:  2012-06-14     Revised Date:  2013-05-02    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  0376027     Medline TA:  Am J Clin Nutr     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  1182-9     Citation Subset:  AIM; IM    
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Adult
Aged
Body Mass Index
Body Weight
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / epidemiology*
Diet
Eating*
Follow-Up Studies
Food Habits*
Glycemic Index
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Nutrition Assessment
Proportional Hazards Models
Prospective Studies
Questionnaires
Risk Factors
Grant Support
ID/Acronym/Agency:
CA55075/CA/NCI NIH HHS; CA95589/CA/NCI NIH HHS; DK58845/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS; P30 DK46200/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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