| Double burden of iron deficiency in infancy and low socioeconomic status: a longitudinal analysis of cognitive test scores to age 19 years. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 17088512 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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OBJECTIVE: To assess change in cognitive functioning after iron deficiency in infancy, depending on socioeconomic status (SES; middle vs low). DESIGN: Longitudinal study. SETTING: Urban community in Costa Rica (infancy phase [July 26, 1983, through February 28, 1985] through 19-year follow-up [March 19, 2000, through November 4, 2002]). PARTICIPANTS: A total of 185 individuals enrolled at 12 to 23 months of age (no preterm or low-birth-weight infants or infants with acute or chronic health problems). The participants were assessed in infancy and at 5, 11 to 14, 15 to 18, and 19 years of age. A total of 97% were evaluated at 5 or 11 to 14 years and 78% at 15 to 18 or 19 years. Individuals who had chronic iron deficiency in infancy (iron deficiency with hemoglobin concentrations < or =10.0 g/dL or, with higher hemoglobin concentrations, not fully corrected within 3 months of iron therapy) were compared with those who had good iron status as infants (hemoglobin concentrations > or =12.0 g/dL and normal iron measures before and/or after therapy). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cognitive change over time (composite of standardized scores at each age). RESULTS: For middle-SES participants, scores averaged 101.2 in the group with chronic iron deficiency vs 109.3 in the group with good iron status in infancy and remained 8 to 9 points lower through 19 years (95% confidence interval [CI], -10.1 to -6.2). For low-SES participants, the gap widened from 10 points (93.1 vs 102.8; 95% CI for difference, -12.8 to -6.6) to 25 points (70.4 vs 95.3; 95% CI for difference, 20.6 to 29.4). CONCLUSIONS: The group with chronic iron deficiency in infancy did not catch up to the group with good iron status in cognitive scores over time. There was a widening gap for those in low-SES families. The results suggest the value of preventing iron deficiency in infancy. |
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Authors:
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Betsy Lozoff; Elias Jimenez; Julia B Smith |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine Volume: 160 ISSN: 1072-4710 ISO Abbreviation: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med Publication Date: 2006 Nov |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2006-11-07 Completed Date: 2006-12-05 Revised Date: 2010-12-03 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9422751 Medline TA: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 1108-13 Citation Subset: AIM; IM |
Affiliation:
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Center for Human Growth and Development, and Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, 300 N. Ingalls, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. blozoff@umich.edu |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adolescent Adolescent Development / physiology* Adult Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / blood, complications Child Child Development / physiology* Child, Preschool Cognition / physiology* Cognition Disorders / etiology* Factor Analysis, Statistical Female Ferritins / blood Humans Infant Iron / deficiency* Longitudinal Studies Male Social Class* |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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R01 HD031606-05/HD/NICHD NIH HHS; R37 HD 31606/HD/NICHD NIH HHS; R37 HD031606-06/HD/NICHD NIH HHS; R37 HD031606-07/HD/NICHD NIH HHS; R37 HD031606-07S1/HD/NICHD NIH HHS; R37 HD031606-08/HD/NICHD NIH HHS; R37 HD031606-08S1/HD/NICHD NIH HHS; R37 HD031606-09/HD/NICHD NIH HHS; R37 HD031606-10/HD/NICHD NIH HHS; R37 HD031606-11/HD/NICHD NIH HHS; R37 HD031606-12/HD/NICHD NIH HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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7439-89-6/Iron; 9007-73-2/Ferritins |
| Comments/Corrections | |
Comment In:
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Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007 May;161(5):523; author reply 523-4
[PMID:
17485637
]
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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