| Distribution of fluoride and fluorosis in Ethiopia and prospects for control. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 10402971 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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A review and mapping of fluoride test data for 270 water sources in 126 communities and examination of the literature of fluorosis distribution in Ethiopia show that this health problem extends beyond the Rift Valley into some highland communities. Fluoride concentrations above 5.0 mg/l in the Rift Valley were found mostly in hot springs (100% of all sources), lakes (78%), shallow wells (54%) and boreholes (35%) and the lowest concentrations (below 1.5 mg/l) in springs and rivers. Analysis of hydrochemical, economic and demographic factors in the spatial distribution of high-fluoride domestic water sources indicates that the fluorosis problem has become more serious in the Rift Valley in recent decades. Considerable spatial variation in the occurrence of fluoride, even within the same communities, and the presence of some low-fluoride water sources in the Rift Valley offer possibilities for geochemical exploration for acceptable domestic sources. The defluoridation programme in the Wonji irrigation scheme illustrates the problems faced by a large rural community in a developing country. Possibilities for control are examined and recommendations made for the development of alternative water sources and promising defluoridation methods using locally available materials and technologies. |
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Authors:
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H Kloos; R T Haimanot |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH Volume: 4 ISSN: 1360-2276 ISO Abbreviation: Trop. Med. Int. Health Publication Date: 1999 May |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 1999-07-20 Completed Date: 1999-07-20 Revised Date: 2006-11-07 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9610576 Medline TA: Trop Med Int Health Country: ENGLAND |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 355-64 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco Medical Center 94143, USA. hk035@cvip.fresno.com |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Environmental Exposure
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adverse effects* Ethiopia / epidemiology Fluoride Poisoning / epidemiology*, etiology, prevention & control* Fluorides / adverse effects*, analysis Humans Water Purification* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Fluorides |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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