| Distinct melanization pathways in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 20152169 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Serine protease cascades are involved in blood coagulation and immunity. In arthropods, they regulate melanization, which plays an important role in immune defense and wound healing. However, the mechanisms underlying melanization pathways are not completely characterized. We found that in the mosquito Aedes aegypti, there are two distinct melanization activation pathways carried out by different modules of serine proteases and their specific inhibitors serpins. Immune melanization proteases (IMP-1 and IMP-2) and Serpin-1 mediate hemolymph prophenoloxidase cleavage and immune response against the malaria parasite. Tissue melanization, exemplified by the formation of melanotic tumors, is controlled by tissue melanization protease (CLIPB8), IMP-1, and Serpin-2. In addition, serine proteases CLIPB5 and CLIPB29 are involved in activation of Toll pathway by fungal infection or by infection-independent manner, respectively. Serpin-2 is implicated in the latter activation of Toll pathway. This study revealed the complexity underlying melanization and Toll pathway in mosquitoes. |
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Authors:
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Zhen Zou; Sang Woon Shin; Kanwal S Alvarez; Vladimir Kokoza; Alexander S Raikhel |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Immunity Volume: 32 ISSN: 1097-4180 ISO Abbreviation: Immunity Publication Date: 2010 Jan |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-02-15 Completed Date: 2010-03-23 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9432918 Medline TA: Immunity Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 41-53 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
Affiliation:
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Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Aedes
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immunology*,
metabolism Animals Immunity, Innate / immunology* Immunoblotting Melanins / immunology*, metabolism Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Serine Proteases / immunology*, metabolism Serpins Toll-Like Receptors / immunology*, metabolism Two-Hybrid System Techniques |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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R01 AI059492/AI/NIAID NIH HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Melanins; 0/Serpins; 0/Toll-Like Receptors; EC 3.4.-/Serine Proteases |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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