| Disorders of pigmentation. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19788584 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Skin color is highly individual and the variations are controlled by numerous genes. The different skin colors result from the size and number of melanosomes and do not mirror the amount of melanocytes. Disorders of pigmentation can result from migration abnormalities of melanocytes from the neural crest to the skin during embryogenesis. In addition, impairment of melanosome transfer to the surrounding keratinocytes, an alteration in melanin synthesis and a defective degradation or removal of melanin may lead to abnormal skin pigmentation. Immunologic or toxic mediated destructions of melanocytes can end in pigmentation disorders. Disorders of pigmentation are classified in hypo- or hyperpigmentation which can occur as a genetic or acquired disease. They can manifest locally or diffuse. Congenital hypopigmentation can be restricted to the skin as in piebaldism or they represent a systemic disease as in Menkes disease or phenylketonuria. Localized hypo- or hyperpigmentation in children may serve as markers for systemic diseases. Ash-leaf hypopigmentation are characteristic for tuberous sclerosis and more than 5 café-au-lait spots suggest neurofibromatosis 1 (von Recklinghausen disease). The most common autoimmune-induced depigmentation is vitiligo. Generalized hyperpigmentation only rarely reflects a primary genetic disorder but is most often from acquired diseases as in Addison disease, secondary hemochromatosis or primary biliary cirrhosis. Treatment of pigmentation disorders are based on a diagnosis which sometimes allow a specific intervention. Cosmetically acceptable results are difficult to obtain. |
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Authors:
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Susanna K Fistarol; Peter H Itin |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Review Date: 2009-09-24 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG Volume: 8 ISSN: 1610-0387 ISO Abbreviation: J Dtsch Dermatol Ges Publication Date: 2010 Mar |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-04-21 Completed Date: 2010-09-13 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101164708 Medline TA: J Dtsch Dermatol Ges Country: Germany |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng; ger Pagination: 187-201; quiz 201-2 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Dermatology, Basel University Hospital, Switzerland. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Humans Pigmentation Disorders / classification, diagnosis*, therapy* |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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