| Diseases of the adrenal medulla. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 18021328 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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The adrenal glands are vital in the organism's response to environmental stress. The outer cortex releases steroid hormones: glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and sex hormones, which are crucial to metabolism, inflammatory reactions and fluid homeostasis. The medulla is different developmentally, functionally and structurally. It co-releases catecholamines (primarily adrenaline and to some extent noradrenaline) as well as peptides by the all-or-none process of exocytosis from chromaffin granules, to aid in blood pressure and blood flow regulation, with regulated increments during the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. The co-released peptides function to regulate catecholamine release, blood vessel contraction and innate immune responses. Pathology within the adrenal medulla and the autonomic nervous system is primarily because of neoplasms. The most common tumour, called phaeochromocytoma when located in the adrenal medulla, originates from chromaffin cells and excretes catecholamines, but may be referred to as secreting paragangliomas when found in extra-adrenal chromaffin cells. Neoplasms, such as neuroblastomas and ganglioneuromas, may also be of neuronal lineage. We will also briefly discuss the catecholamine deficiency state. |
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Authors:
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M M Fung; O H Viveros; D T O'Connor |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Review Date: 2007-11-16 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) Volume: 192 ISSN: 1748-1716 ISO Abbreviation: Acta Physiol (Oxf) Publication Date: 2008 Feb |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2008-01-31 Completed Date: 2008-04-11 Revised Date: 2009-11-18 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101262545 Medline TA: Acta Physiol (Oxf) Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 325-35 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Medicine and Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0838, USA. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms
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diagnosis Adrenal Gland Diseases / etiology* Adrenal Medulla* Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / etiology* Catecholamines / blood, deficiency, urine Diagnosis, Differential Humans Neuroblastoma / diagnosis Paraganglioma / diagnosis Pheochromocytoma / diagnosis |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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P01 HL058120-09/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; P01 HL058120-090004/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; P01 HL058120-099006/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 DK060702-05/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Catecholamines |
| Comments/Corrections | |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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