| Disconnect between standardized field-based testing and mannitol challenge in Scottish elite swimmers. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 20214665 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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BACKGROUND: Elite swimmers have high rates of rhinoconjunctivitis and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Moreover, exposure to chlorine and chlorine metabolites is known to induce bronchial hyper-reactivity. OBJECTIVE: To assess the early and late effects of chlorine and exercise on the unified airway of elite swimmers, and to compare the response to mannitol and field-based exercise challenge. METHODS: The Scottish national squad underwent exhaled tidal (FE(NO)) and nasal (N(NO)) nitric oxide measurement, peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF), and forced expiratory volume in 1 s before, immediately after, and 4-6 h post-swimming. A sport-specific exercise test was carried out during an intensive lactate set (8 min at >/=80% maximum hear rate). All swimmers underwent mannitol challenge, and completed a health questionnaire. RESULTS: N=61 swimmers were assessed: 8/59 (14%) of swimmers had a positive mannitol challenge. Nine out of 57 (16%) of swimmers had a positive exercise test. Only one swimmer was positive to both. Swimmers with a positive mannitol had a significantly higher baseline FE(NO) (37.3 vs. 18.0 p.p.b., P=0.03) than those with a positive exercise challenge. A significant decrease in FE(NO) was observed pre vs. immediate and delayed post-chlorine exposure: mean (95% CI) 18.7 (15.9-22.0) p.p.b. vs. 15.9 (13.3-19.1) p.p.b. (P<0.01), and 13.9 (11.5-16.7) p.p.b. (P<0.01), respectively. There were no significant differences in N(NO.) Mean PNIF increased from 142.4 L/min (5.8) at baseline to 162.6 L/min (6.3) immediately post-exposure (P<0.01). Delayed post-exposure PNIF was not significantly different from pre-exposure. CONCLUSIONS: No association was found between mannitol and standardized field-based testing in elite swimmers. Mannitol was associated with a high baseline FE(NO); however, exercise/chlorine challenge was not. Thus, mannitol may identify swimmers with a 'traditional' inflammatory asthmatic phenotype, while field-based exercise/chlorine challenge may identify a swimmer-specific bronchoconstrictor response. A sustained fall in FE(NO) following chlorine exposure suggests that a non-cellular, perhaps neurogenic, response may be involved in this group of athletes. |
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Authors:
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K L Clearie; P A Williamson; S Vaidyanathan; P Short; A Goudie; P Burns; P Hopkinson; K Meldrum; L Howaniec; B J Lipworth |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Date: 2010-03-01 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume: 40 ISSN: 1365-2222 ISO Abbreviation: Clin. Exp. Allergy Publication Date: 2010 May |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-05-07 Completed Date: 2010-09-17 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8906443 Medline TA: Clin Exp Allergy Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 731-7 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Asthma & Allergy Research Group, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK. |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adolescent Asthma, Exercise-Induced / diagnosis, etiology* Bronchial Provocation Tests / methods* Chlorine / adverse effects*, diagnostic use Exercise Test Humans Mannitol / diagnostic use* Nitric Oxide / analysis Scotland Sensitivity and Specificity Swimming* Time Factors |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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10102-43-9/Nitric Oxide; 69-65-8/Mannitol; 7782-50-5/Chlorine |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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