Document Detail


Disaster preparedness: Experience from a smoke inhalation mass casualty incident.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  17091053     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
OBJECTIVE: We describe a modified triage system used in managing a smoke inhalation mass casualty incident that we recently encountered at our community hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patients were triaged as priority 1, 2 or 3 on the basis of their symptoms, signs and circumstances at scene. In addition, the use of fibre-optic examinations of the upper airway, chest radiography and carboxyhaemoglobin levels with arterial blood gas analyses were used to aid in disposal plans. RESULTS: Of the 22 patients evacuated, 15 were triaged as priority 2 and the remaining seven as priority 3. None of the patients was identified as priority 1. All the priority 2 patients underwent further investigations. Those with mild upper airway oedema (four patients) or raised carboxyhaemoglobin levels (two patients) were admitted. Only one patient had both. Another patient who was a known asthmatic developed bronchospasm and was admitted as well. All six were admitted to the general ward with subsequent good recovery and were discharged within 3 days. The remaining nine priority 2 and seven priority 3 patients were discharged from the emergency department. CONCLUSIONS: These modified triage criteria, with selective use of fibre-optic examinations, chest radiography and arterial blood gas analyses with carboxyhaemoglobin levels, are useful in smoke inhalation mass casualty incidents without dermal burns. Systemic injury and poisoning by toxic fumes often coexist with airway burns and should not be overlooked. Lastly, disaster planning and frequent drills at both local and national levels will optimize the response to future mass casualty incidents.
Authors:
Siang-Hiong Goh; Ling Tiah; Hoon-Chin Lim; Elaine Kim-Choon Ng
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article    
Journal Detail:
Title:  European journal of emergency medicine : official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine     Volume:  13     ISSN:  0969-9546     ISO Abbreviation:  Eur J Emerg Med     Publication Date:  2006 Dec 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2006-11-08     Completed Date:  2007-01-11     Revised Date:  2007-11-15    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  9442482     Medline TA:  Eur J Emerg Med     Country:  England    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  330-4     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Accident and Emergency Department, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore. Siang-Hiong-Goh@cgh.com.sg
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Blood Gas Analysis
Bronchoscopy
Carboxyhemoglobin / metabolism
Child
Child, Preschool
Disaster Planning / organization & administration*
Emergency Service, Hospital / organization & administration*
Emergency Treatment / methods*,  standards
Health Services Needs and Demand
Health Services Research
Hospitals, Community
Hospitals, General
Humans
Infant
Middle Aged
Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
Patient Admission / statistics & numerical data
Practice Guidelines as Topic
Singapore
Smoke Inhalation Injury / blood,  diagnosis*,  therapy*
Triage / organization & administration*
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
9061-29-4/Carboxyhemoglobin

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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