Document Detail


Dioxin effects on neonatal and infant thyroid function: routes of perinatal exposure, mechanisms of action and evidence from epidemiology studies.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  16217675     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
OBJECTIVES: Animal experiments suggest that thyroid function alterations in newborns and infants may represent one of the most sensitive markers of toxicity from 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Dioxin can be transferred from the mother to the offspring either in utero or through lactation. It has been suggested that thyroid-hormone alterations produced by dioxin in utero or shortly after birth may underlie long-term effects, such as cognitive-ability and neurodevelopment impairment. In the present review article, we appraise available evidence on the effects of perinatal exposure to dioxin on fetal and infant thyroid function. METHODS: We summarized the routes of perinatal dioxin exposure and research results on possible mechanisms of dioxin toxic effects on thyroid function. We performed a systematic review of epidemiology studies conducted on mother-child pairs exposed to background environmental levels to investigate dioxin effects on neonatal and infant thyroid function. RESULTS: Toxicological and mechanistic data indicate that dioxin may impair thyroid function in exposed newborns and infants. Investigations on background-exposed children have not consistently demonstrated an association between perinatal TCDD exposure and thyroid function, although some of the studies suggest that sub-clinical hypothyroidism may be induced by perinatal dioxin exposure within 3 months from birth. Between studies inconsistencies may be related to lab method differences, mixed exposures, and small sample size of the populations evaluated. CONCLUSION: Epidemiology studies have as yet failed to demonstrate an association between perinatal TCDD exposure and thyroid function alterations in human subjects, although suggestive evidence from animal and in-vitro experimental data is available.
Authors:
Sara Mariasole Giacomini; Lifang Hou; Pier Alberto Bertazzi; Andrea Baccarelli
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Review     Date:  2005-10-11
Journal Detail:
Title:  International archives of occupational and environmental health     Volume:  79     ISSN:  0340-0131     ISO Abbreviation:  Int Arch Occup Environ Health     Publication Date:  2006 May 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2006-03-23     Completed Date:  2006-11-30     Revised Date:  2008-11-21    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  7512134     Medline TA:  Int Arch Occup Environ Health     Country:  Germany    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  396-404     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
EPOCA Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Clinica del Lavoro L. Devoto, Maggiore Hospital Foundation IRCCS, University of Milan, via San Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Dioxins / chemistry,  pharmacokinetics*,  poisoning*
Evidence-Based Medicine
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical*
Thyroid Gland / physiopathology*
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Dioxins

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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