| Dietary sources of sodium in China, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, women and men aged 40 to 59 years: the INTERMAP study. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 20430135 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Public health campaigns in several countries encourage population-wide reduced sodium (salt) intake, but excessive intake remains a major problem. Excessive sodium intake is independently related to adverse blood pressure and is a key factor in the epidemic of prehypertension/hypertension. Identification of food sources of sodium in modern diets is critical to effective reduction of sodium intake worldwide. We used data from the INTERMAP Study to define major food sources of sodium in diverse East Asian and Western population samples. INTERMAP is an international, cross-sectional, epidemiologic study of 4, 680 individuals ages 40 to 59 years from Japan (four samples), People's Republic of China (three rural samples), the United Kingdom (two samples), and the United States (eight samples); four in-depth, multipass 24-hour dietary recalls/person were used to identify foods accounting for most dietary sodium intake. In the People's Republic of China sample, most (76%) dietary sodium was from salt added in home cooking, about 50% less in southern than northern samples. In Japan, most (63%) dietary sodium came from soy sauce (20%), commercially processed fish/seafood (15%), salted soups (15%), and preserved vegetables (13%). Processed foods, including breads/cereals/grains, contributed heavily to sodium intake in the United Kingdom (95%) and the United States (for methodological reasons, underestimated at 71%). To prevent and control prehypertension/hypertension and improve health, efforts to remove excess sodium from diets in rural China should focus on reducing salt in home cooking. To avoid excess sodium intake in Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, salt must be reduced in commercially processed foods. |
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Authors:
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Cheryl A M Anderson; Lawrence J Appel; Nagako Okuda; Ian J Brown; Queenie Chan; Liancheng Zhao; Hirotsugu Ueshima; Hugo Kesteloot; Katsuyuki Miura; J David Curb; Katsushi Yoshita; Paul Elliott; Monica E Yamamoto; Jeremiah Stamler |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of the American Dietetic Association Volume: 110 ISSN: 1878-3570 ISO Abbreviation: J Am Diet Assoc Publication Date: 2010 May |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-04-30 Completed Date: 2010-05-07 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7503061 Medline TA: J Am Diet Assoc Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 736-45 Citation Subset: AIM; IM |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright 2010 American Dietetic Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
Affiliation:
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Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. chanders@jhsph.edu |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adult China / epidemiology Cross-Sectional Studies Female Food Analysis* Food Habits Great Britain / epidemiology Humans Hypertension / epidemiology, etiology, prevention & control* International Cooperation Japan / epidemiology Male Mental Recall Middle Aged Sodium, Dietary / administration & dosage*, adverse effects, analysis* United States / epidemiology |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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2R01-HL50490/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Sodium, Dietary |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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