| Diabetic retinopathy is associated with early autonomic dysfunction assessed by exercise-related heart rate changes. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19148374 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Diabetic retinopathy has been associated with cardiac autonomic dysfunction in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Heart rate (HR) changes during exercise testing indicate early alterations in autonomous tonus. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of diabetic retinopathy with exercise-related HR changes. A cross-sectional study was performed on 72 type 2 and 40 type 1 DM patients. Autonomic dysfunction was assessed by exercise-related HR changes (Bruce protocol). The maximum HR increase, defined as the difference between the peak exercise rate and the resting rate at baseline, and HR recovery, defined as the reduction in HR from the peak exercise to the HR at 1, 2, and 4 min after the cessation of the exercise, were determined. In type 2 DM patients, lower maximum HR increase (OR = 1.62, 95%CI = 1.03-2.54; P = 0.036), lower HR recovery at 2 (OR = 2.04, 95%CI = 1.16-3.57; P = 0.012) and 4 min (OR = 2.67, 95%CI = 1.37-5.20; P = 0.004) were associated with diabetic retinopathy, adjusted for confounding factors. In type 1 DM, the absence of an increase in HR at intervals of 10 bpm each during exercise added 100% to the odds for diabetic retinopathy (OR = 2.01, 95%CI = 1.1-3.69; P = 0.02) when adjusted for DM duration, A1c test and diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, early autonomic dysfunction was associated with diabetic retinopathy. The recognition of HR changes during exercise can be used to identify a high-risk group for diabetic retinopathy. |
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Authors:
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C K Kramer; C B Leitão; M J Azevedo; F B Valiatti; T C Rodrigues; L H Canani; J L Gross |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas médicas e biológicas / Sociedade Brasileira de Biofísica ... [et al.] Volume: 41 ISSN: 1414-431X ISO Abbreviation: Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. Publication Date: 2008 Dec |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2009-01-16 Completed Date: 2009-10-08 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8112917 Medline TA: Braz J Med Biol Res Country: Brazil |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 1110-5 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. ckkramer@terra.com.br |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adult Autonomic Nervous System / physiopathology* Blood Pressure / physiology Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / physiopathology* Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / physiopathology* Diabetic Retinopathy / etiology, physiopathology* Exercise Test Female Heart Rate / physiology* Humans Male Middle Aged Odds Ratio |
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