Document Detail


Diabetes resolution and hyperinsulinaemia after metabolic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  20880129     Owner:  NLM     Status:  In-Data-Review    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose metabolism continues to rise in conjunction with the pandemic of obesity. The metabolic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass operation offers the successful resolution of diabetes in addition to sustained weight loss and excellent long-term outcomes in morbidly obese individuals. The procedure consists of the physiological BRAVE effects: (i) Bile flow alteration; (ii) Reduction of gastric size; (iii) Anatomical gut rearrangement and altered flow of nutrients; (iv) Vagal manipulation and (v) Enteric gut hormone modulation. This operation provides anti-diabetic effects through decreasing insulin resistance and increasing the efficiency of insulin secretion. These metabolic outcomes are achieved through weight-independent and weight-dependent mechanisms. These include the foregut, midgut and hindgut mechanisms, decreased inflammation, fat, adipokine and bile metabolism, metabolic modulation, shifts in gut microbial composition and intestinal gluconeogenesis. In a small minority of patients, gastric bypass results in hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia that may lead to nesidioblastosis (pancreatic beta-cell hypertrophy with islet hyperplasia). Elucidating the precise metabolic mechanisms of diabetes resolution and hyperinsulinaemia after surgery can lead to improved operations and disease-specific procedures including 'diabetes surgery'. It can also improve our understanding of diabetes pathogenesis that may provide novel strategies for the management of metabolic syndrome and impaired glucose metabolism.
Authors:
H Ashrafian; T Athanasiou; J V Li; M Bueter; K Ahmed; K Nagpal; E Holmes; A Darzi; S R Bloom
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article     Date:  2010-09-29
Journal Detail:
Title:  Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity     Volume:  12     ISSN:  1467-789X     ISO Abbreviation:  Obes Rev     Publication Date:  2011 May 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2011-04-19     Completed Date:  -     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  100897395     Medline TA:  Obes Rev     Country:  England    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  e257-72     Citation Subset:  IM    
Copyright Information:
© 2010 The Authors. obesity reviews © 2010 International Association for the Study of Obesity.
Affiliation:
The Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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