| Developmental neurotoxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 17904639 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of flame retardants used in a variety of consumer products. In the past 25 years, PBDEs have become ubiquitous environmental contaminants. They have been detected in soil, air, sediments, birds, marine species, fish, house dust, and human tissues, blood and breast milk. Diet and house dust appear to be the major sources of PBDE exposure in the general population, though occupational exposure can also occur. Levels of PBDEs in human tissues are particularly high in North America, compared to Asian and European countries, and have been increasing in the past 30 years. Concentrations of PBDEs are particularly high in breast milk, resulting in high exposure of infants. In addition, for toddlers, dust has been estimated to account for a large percentage of exposure. PBDEs can also cross the placenta, as they have been detected in fetal blood and liver. Tetra-, penta- and hexaBDEs are most commonly present in human tissues. The current greatest concern for potential adverse effects of PBDEs relates to their developmental neurotoxicity. Pre- or postnatal exposure of mice or rats to various PBDEs has been shown to cause long-lasting changes in spontaneous motor activity, mostly characterized as hyperactivity or decreased habituation, and to disrupt performance in learning and memory tests. While a reduction in circulating thyroid hormone (T(4)) may contribute to the developmental neurotoxicity of PBDEs, direct effects on the developing brain have also been reported. Among these, PBDEs have been shown to affect signal transduction pathways and to cause oxidative stress. Levels of PBDEs causing developmental neurotoxicity in animals are not much dissimilar from levels found in highly exposed infants and toddlers. |
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Authors:
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Lucio G Costa; Gennaro Giordano |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review Date: 2007-08-24 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Neurotoxicology Volume: 28 ISSN: 0161-813X ISO Abbreviation: Neurotoxicology Publication Date: 2007 Nov |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2007-11-07 Completed Date: 2008-02-07 Revised Date: 2013-06-06 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7905589 Medline TA: Neurotoxicology Country: Netherlands |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 1047-67 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States. lgcosta@u.washington.edu |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Behavior, Animal / drug effects Biomarkers, Pharmacological / metabolism Body Burden Brain / drug effects, embryology Embryo, Mammalian / drug effects Environmental Pollutants / pharmacokinetics, toxicity* Female Flame Retardants / pharmacokinetics, toxicity* Humans Nervous System / drug effects*, embryology, metabolism Oxidative Stress / drug effects Polybrominated Biphenyls / pharmacokinetics, toxicity* Pregnancy Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects Risk Assessment Signal Transduction / drug effects Thyroid Hormones / metabolism |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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P30 ES007033-109011/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS; P30ES07033/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Biomarkers, Pharmacological; 0/Environmental Pollutants; 0/Flame Retardants; 0/Polybrominated Biphenyls; 0/Thyroid Hormones |
| Comments/Corrections | |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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