| Determinants of Arterial Gas Embolism after SCUBA Diving. | |
| | |
MedLine Citation:
|
PMID: 21998270 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
|
SCUBA diving is associated with breathing gas at increased pressure, which often leads to tissue gas supersaturation during ascent, and formation of venous gas emboli (VGE). VGE crossover to systemic arteries (arterialization), mostly through the patent foramen ovale (PFO), has been implicated in various diving-related pathologies. Since recent research has shown that arterializations frequently occur in absence of cardiac septal defects, our aim was to investigate the mechanisms responsible for these events. Divers whom tested negative for PFO were subjected to laboratory testing where agitated saline contrast bubbles were injected in cubital vein at rest and exercise. Individual propensity for transpulmonary bubble passage was evaluated echocardiographically. Same subjects performed a standard air dive followed by echosonographic assessment of VGE generation (graded on scale 0 - 5) and distribution. Twenty three of 34 subjects allowed the transpulmonary passage of saline contrast bubbles in the laboratory at rest or after a mild/moderate exercise, and 9 of them arterialized after a field dive. All subjects with postdive arterialization had bubble loads reaching or exceeding grade 4B in the right heart. In individuals without transpulmonary passage of saline contrast bubbles, injected either at rest of after exercise bout, no postdive arterialization was detected. Therefore, postdive VGE arterialization occurs in subjects that meet two criteria: 1) transpulmonary shunting of contrast bubbles at rest or at mild/moderate exercise and 2) VGE generation following a dive reaches the threshold grade. These findings may represent a novel concept in approach to diving, where diving routines will be tailored individually. |
| | |
Authors:
|
Marko Ljubkovic; Jaksa Zanchi; Toni Breskovic; Jasna Marinovic; Mihajlo Lojpur; Zeljko Dujic |
Publication Detail:
|
Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-10-13 |
Journal Detail:
|
Title: Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) Volume: - ISSN: 1522-1601 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Oct |
Date Detail:
|
Created Date: 2011-10-14 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
|
Nlm Unique ID: 8502536 Medline TA: J Appl Physiol Country: - |
Other Details:
|
Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
|
1University of Split School of Medicine. |
Export Citation:
|
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
|
|
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Previous Document: Resistance exercise training improves age-related declines in leg vascular conductance and rejuvenat...
Next Document: LIFE-LONG CONSEQUENCES OF POSTNATAL NORMOXIA EXPOSURE IN RATS RAISED AT HIGH ALTITUDE.