| Designing high-performance electrochemical energy-storage nanoarchitectures to balance rate and capacity. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 23334529 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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The impressive specific capacitance and high-rate performance reported for many nanometric charge-storing films on planar substrates cannot impact a technology space beyond microdevices unless such performance translates into a macroscale form factor. In this report, we explore how the nanoscale-to-macroscale properties of the electrode architecture (pore size/distribution, void volume, thickness) define energy and power performance when scaled to technologically relevant dimensions. Our test bed is a device-ready electrode architecture in which scalable, manufacturable carbon nanofoam papers with tunable pore sizes (5-200 nm) and thickness (100-300 μm) are painted with ~10 nm coatings of manganese oxide (MnOx). The quantity of capacitance and the rate at which it is delivered for four different MnOx-C variants was assessed by fabricating symmetric electrochemical capacitors using a concentrated aqueous electrolyte. Carbon nanofoam papers containing primarily 10-20 nm mesopores support high MnOx loadings (60 wt%) and device-level capacitance (30 F g(-1)), but the small mesoporous network hinders electrolyte transport and the low void volume restricts the quantity of charge-compensating ions within the electrode, making the full capacitance only accessible at slow rates (5 mV s(-1)). Carbon nanofoam papers with macropores (100-200 nm) facilitate high rate operation (50 mV s(-1)), but deliver significantly lower device capacitance (13 F g(-1)) as a result of lower MnOx loadings (41 wt%). Devices comprising MnOx-carbon nanofoams with interconnecting networks of meso- and macropores balance capacitance and rate performance, delivering 33 F g(-1) at 5 mV s(-1) and 23 F g(-1) at 50 mV s(-1). The use of carbon nanofoam papers with size-tunable pore structures and thickness provides the opportunity to engineer the electrode architecture to deliver scalable quantities of capacitance (F cm(-2)) in tens of seconds with a single device. |
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Authors:
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Megan B Sassin; Cheyne P Hoag; Bradley T Willis; Nathan W Kucko; Debra R Rolison; Jeffrey W Long |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2013-1-21 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Nanoscale Volume: - ISSN: 2040-3372 ISO Abbreviation: Nanoscale Publication Date: 2013 Jan |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2013-1-21 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101525249 Medline TA: Nanoscale Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Surface Chemistry Branch (Code 6170), Washington, DC 20375, USA. megan.sassin@nrl.navy.mil jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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