| Depression is an inflammatory disease, but cell-mediated immune activation is the key component of depression. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 20599581 Owner: NLM Status: In-Data-Review |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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The first findings that depression is characterized by cell-mediated immune activation and inflammation were published between 1990-1993 (Maes et al.). Recently, it was reported that - based on meta-analysis results - depression is an inflammatory disorder because the plasma levels of two cytokines are increased, i.e. interleukin-(IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). The same meta-analysis found that plasma IL-2 and interferon-(IFN)γ levels are not altered in depression, suggesting that there is no T cell activation in that illness. The present paper reviews the body of evidence that depression is accompanied by cell-mediated immune activation. The findings include: increased serum levels of the soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and the sCD8 molecule; increased numbers and percentages of T cells bearing T cell activation markers, such as CD2+CD25+, CD3+CD25+, and HLA-DR+; increased stimulated production of IFNγ; higher neopterin and sTNFR-1 or sTNFR-2 levels; induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) with lowered levels of plasma tryptophan and increased levels of tryptophan catabolites along the IDO pathway (TRYCATs); and glucocorticoid resistance in immune cells. Interferon-α (IFNα)-based immunotherapy shows that baseline and IFNα-induced activation of T cells, IDO activity and TRYCAT formation are related to the development of IFNα-induced depressive symptoms. Animal models of depression show that a cell-mediated immune response is related to the development of depression-like behavior. Antidepressants and mood stabilizers suppress different aspects of cell-mediated immunity and rather specifically target IFNγ production. This review shows that inflammation and cell-mediated immune activation are key factors in depression. |
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Authors:
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Michael Maes |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article Date: 2010-06-20 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry Volume: 35 ISSN: 1878-4216 ISO Abbreviation: Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry Publication Date: 2011 Apr |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-04-18 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8211617 Medline TA: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 664-75 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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