| Delay of transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap reconstruction improves flap reliability in the obese patient. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 16079698 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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BACKGROUND: Since its introduction in 1982, the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap has been a mainstay of breast reconstruction. However, in certain high-risk individuals, such as the obese, smokers, and irradiated patients, flap reliability is decreased, which leads to a higher rate of flap complications. The authors hypothesized that although the nonflap complication rate is increased in the obese patient, flap complications are not increased in those who undergo a delayed TRAM procedure. METHODS: From 1995 to 2003, 107 consecutive patients who underwent a delayed TRAM procedure were examined in a retrospective study. The delayed TRAM procedures were all performed by the senior author (Georgiade) at a single institution. Patients were classified by their body mass index (weight in kilograms and height in square meters). RESULTS: No patient had complete loss of her flap regardless of body mass index. Patients with an index of 30 kg/m2 and under had a partial fat necrosis rate of 11.4 percent (10 of 88 patients), whereas two of 19 patients (10.5 percent) with an index of greater than 30 kg/m2 had partial fat necrosis of their flap (not significant). The average body mass index of the group with flap complications was 27.8 +/- 4.3 kg/m2, whereas that of the group with no flap complications was 26.5 +/- 4.3 kg/m2 (not significant). The rate of non-flap-related complications, such as deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, was 8 percent (seven of 88 patients) for those with a body mass index of less than 30 kg/m2 and 31.6 percent (six of 19 patients) for those with an index greater than 30 kg/m2 (p = 0.0112). The average body mass index of the group with nonflap complications was 29.9 +/- 4.9 kg/m2, compared with 26.3 +/- 4.0 kg/m2 for the group with no non-flap-related complications (p = 0.031). Of note, patients with a history of smoking and those who had received radiation therapy did not show a statistically significant increase in flap complications. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a progressively increasing overall complication rate for patients with a higher body mass index, there was not a similar trend for flap-related complications. The authors' data support the idea that the delayed TRAM procedure is a safe and reliable technique for obese and morbidly obese patients. |
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Authors:
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Howard T Wang; Tristan Hartzell; Kevin C Olbrich; Detlev Erdmann; Gregory S Georgiade |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Plastic and reconstructive surgery Volume: 116 ISSN: 1529-4242 ISO Abbreviation: Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Publication Date: 2005 Aug |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2005-08-04 Completed Date: 2006-01-27 Revised Date: 2011-02-16 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 1306050 Medline TA: Plast Reconstr Surg Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 613-8; discussion 619-20 Citation Subset: AIM; IM |
Affiliation:
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Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adult Body Mass Index Breast Neoplasms / epidemiology*, surgery Comorbidity Female Humans Mammaplasty / adverse effects* Middle Aged Obesity / epidemiology* Pulmonary Embolism / epidemiology Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Surgical Flaps / adverse effects* Time Factors Venous Thrombosis / epidemiology |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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