| Decompression illness. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21215883 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Decompression illness is caused by intravascular or extravascular bubbles that are formed as a result of reduction in environmental pressure (decompression). The term covers both arterial gas embolism, in which alveolar gas or venous gas emboli (via cardiac shunts or via pulmonary vessels) are introduced into the arterial circulation, and decompression sickness, which is caused by in-situ bubble formation from dissolved inert gas. Both syndromes can occur in divers, compressed air workers, aviators, and astronauts, but arterial gas embolism also arises from iatrogenic causes unrelated to decompression. Risk of decompression illness is affected by immersion, exercise, and heat or cold. Manifestations range from itching and minor pain to neurological symptoms, cardiac collapse, and death. First-aid treatment is 100% oxygen and definitive treatment is recompression to increased pressure, breathing 100% oxygen. Adjunctive treatment, including fluid administration and prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism in paralysed patients, is also recommended. Treatment is, in most cases, effective although residual deficits can remain in serious cases, even after several recompressions. |
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Authors:
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Richard D Vann; Frank K Butler; Simon J Mitchell; Richard E Moon |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Lancet Volume: 377 ISSN: 1474-547X ISO Abbreviation: Lancet Publication Date: 2011 Jan |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-01-10 Completed Date: 2011-01-27 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 2985213R Medline TA: Lancet Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 153-64 Citation Subset: AIM; IM |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
Affiliation:
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Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. richard.vann@duke.edu |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adult Aged Decompression / adverse effects Decompression Sickness* / diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, physiopathology, therapy Diving / adverse effects Embolism, Air / diagnosis, etiology, therapy Emergency Treatment / methods* Female Fluid Therapy / methods Humans Male Middle Aged Oxygen / therapeutic use Severity of Illness Index |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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7782-44-7/Oxygen |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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