| De Novo Malignancies after Organ Transplantation: Focus on Viral Infections. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 23278452 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Organ transplantation is an increasingly used medical procedure for treating otherwise fatal end-stage organ diseases with 107,000 transplants performed worldwide in 2010. A large number of newly developed anti-rejection drugs were developed. They prolong long-term survival of both the individual and the transplanted organ and constitute the main reason of the diffusion of organ transplantation. Presently, 5-year patient survival rates are around 90% after kidney transplant and 70% after liver transplant. However, the prolonged chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs is well known to increase the risks of opportunistic diseases, particularly infections and virus-related malignancies. Although transplant recipients experience a nearly 2-fold elevated risk for all types of de-novo cancers, persistent infections with oncogenic viruses - such as Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus, high-risk human papillomaviruses, and Epstein-Barr virus - are associated with up to 100-fold increased risks. This review, focusing on kidney and liver transplants, highlights updated evidences linking iatrogenic immunosuppression, persistent infections with oncogenic viruses and cancer risk. The implicit capacity of oncogenic viruses to immortalise infected cells by disrupting the cell-cycle control can lead, in a setting of induced lowered immune surveillance, to tumorigenesis and this ability is thought to closely correlate with cumulative exposure to immunosuppressive drugs. Mechanisms underlying the relationship between viral infections, immunosuppressive drugs and the risk of skin cancers, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, Kaposi sarcoma, cervical and other ano-genital cancers are reviewed in details. |
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Authors:
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P Piselli; G Busnach; L Fratino; F Citterio; G M Ettorre; P De Paoli; D Serraino |
Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2013-1-01 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Current molecular medicine Volume: - ISSN: 1875-5666 ISO Abbreviation: Curr. Mol. Med. Publication Date: 2013 Jan |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2013-1-2 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101093076 Medline TA: Curr Mol Med Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, via F. Gallini, 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy. serrainod@cro.it. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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