| Dantrolene in the treatment of MDMA-related hyperpyrexia: a systematic review. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 20880437 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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OBJECTIVE: The use of dantrolene in the treatment of hyperpyrexia related to MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is controversial, with little data available to guide clinical decision-making. Although the treatment is recommended by several poison control centres, published data are primarily in the form of case reports and animal and in vitro experiments. We conducted a systematic review to investigate the published evidence regarding the safety and benefits of dantrolene for MDMA-related hyperpyrexia in humans. DATA SOURCES: A systematic search of Embase and MEDLINE was conducted from the earliest possible date to November 2008. STUDY SELECTION: All human trials and case reports of MDMA related hyperpyrexia were considered. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were abstracted systematically and characteristics including use of dantrolene, adverse reactions attributed to dantrolene, peak temperature, complications from MDMA-related hyperpyrexia and survival were recorded. DATA SYNTHESIS: Our search yielded 668 articles of which 53, reporting 71 cases of MDMA-induced hyperpyrexia, met our inclusion criteria. No clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, observational studies or meta-analyses were identified. Dantrolene was used in 26 cases. Patient characteristics were similar in the dantrolene and no dantrolene groups. The proportion of survivors was higher in the dantrolene group (21/26) than in the no dantrolene group (25/45). This difference was especially pronounced in those with extreme (≥ 42°C) and severe (≥ 40°C) fever, with a survival rate of 8 of 13 and 10 of 10, respectively, in the dantrolene group compared with 0 of 4 and 15 of 27 in the no dantrolene group. There were no reports of adverse events attributable to dantrolene with the exception of a possible association with an episode of transient hypoglycemia. CONCLUSION: Our systematic review suggests that dantrolene is safe for patients with MDMA-related hyperpyrexia. Dantrolene may also be associated with improved survival and reduced complications, especially in patients with extreme (≥ 42°C) or severe (≥ 40°C) hyperpyrexia, although this conclusion must be interpreted with caution given the risk of reporting or publication bias. |
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Authors:
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Brian E Grunau; Matthew O Wiens; Jeffrey R Brubacher |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: CJEM Volume: 12 ISSN: 1481-8035 ISO Abbreviation: CJEM Publication Date: 2010 Sep |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-09-30 Completed Date: 2011-02-03 Revised Date: 2011-10-05 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 100893237 Medline TA: CJEM Country: Canada |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 435-42 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Clinical Trials as Topic Dantrolene / therapeutic use* Fever / chemically induced*, drug therapy* Humans Muscle Relaxants, Central / poisoning* N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / poisoning* Survival Analysis |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Muscle Relaxants, Central; 42542-10-9/N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; 7261-97-4/Dantrolene |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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