| DNA deamination in immunity: AID in the context of its APOBEC relatives. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 17560271 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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The activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)/apolipoprotein B RNA-editing catalytic component (APOBEC) family is a vertebrate-restricted subgrouping of a superfamily of zinc (Zn)-dependent deaminases that has members distributed throughout the biological world. AID and APOBEC2 are the oldest family members with APOBEC1 and the APOBEC3s being later arrivals restricted to placental mammals. Many AID/APOBEC family members exhibit cytidine deaminase activity on polynucleotides, although in different physiological contexts. Here, we examine the AID/APOBEC proteins in the context of the entire Zn-dependent deaminase superfamily. On the basis of secondary structure predictions, we propose that the cytosine and tRNA deaminases are likely to provide better structural paradigms for the AID/APOBEC family than do the cytidine deaminases, to which they have conventionally been compared. These comparisons yield predictions concerning likely polynucleotide-interacting residues in AID/APOBEC3s, predictions that are supported by mutagenesis studies. We also focus on a specific comparison between AID and the APOBEC3s. Both are DNA deaminases that function in immunity and are responsible for the hypermutation of their target substrates. AID functions in the adaptive immune system to diversify antibodies with targeted DNA deamination being central to this function. APOBEC3s function as part of an innate pathway of immunity to retroviruses with targeted DNA deamination being central to their activity in retroviral hypermutation. However, the mechanism by which the APOBEC3s fulfill their function of retroviral restriction remains unresolved. |
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Authors:
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Silvestro G Conticello; Marc-Andre Langlois; Zizhen Yang; Michael S Neuberger |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Advances in immunology Volume: 94 ISSN: 0065-2776 ISO Abbreviation: Adv. Immunol. Publication Date: 2007 |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2007-06-11 Completed Date: 2007-09-12 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0370425 Medline TA: Adv Immunol Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 37-73 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 2QH, United Kingdom. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Cytidine Deaminase / chemistry, immunology*, physiology DNA / metabolism Deamination Humans RNA Editing |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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9007-49-2/DNA; EC 3.5.4.-/AICDA (activation-induced cytidine deaminase); EC 3.5.4.5/Cytidine Deaminase |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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