| Cytokine Pathways in Allergic Disease. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22301949 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Cytokines are critical in allergic intercellular communication networks, and they contribute to disease pathology through the recruitment and activation of pro-inflammatory leukocytes and in chronic disease to pro-fibrotic/remodeling events. Th2 cytokines predominate primarily in mild to moderate allergic asthma, although clinical trials with inhibitors of IL-4 and IL-5 have not provided the robust efficacy observed in animal models of allergy. These results not only highlight the complexity of allergic disease, but they also point to the importance of other cytokine networks in driving pathology. The heterogeneous nature of the disease is emphasized by the fact that the Th2/Th1/Th17 cytokine balance can be influenced by the initiating allergic trigger. For example, the house dust mite allergen Der p 2 mimics the activity of MD-2 by presenting lipopolysaccharide to Toll-like receptor-4 for the activation of inflammatory genes including innate-type cytokines. Here we discuss the functions of the novel cytokine players, thymic stromal lymphopoetin (TSLP), IL-33, IL-25, and IL-9 and delineate nonredundant roles for IL-4 and IL-13 in allergic disease. Persistent efforts in the characterization of these and other cytokine networks will be essential for understanding the complex pathogenic mechanisms that underpin allergic disease and for guiding targeted therapeutic interventions. |
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Authors:
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Cara M M Williams; Saifur Rahman; Cedric Hubeau; Hak-Ling Ma |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2012-2-1 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Toxicologic pathology Volume: - ISSN: 1533-1601 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2012 Feb |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2012-2-3 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7905907 Medline TA: Toxicol Pathol Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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