| Current approaches to the treatment of paraneoplastic encephalitis. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21765874 Owner: NLM Status: In-Data-Review |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNSs) cover a wide range of diseases and involve both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system. Paraneoplastic encephalitis comprises several diseases such as paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD), limbic encephalitis (LE), paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis (PEM), brainstem encephalitis, opsomyoclonus syndrome, in addition to other even less frequently occurring entities. LE was the first historically identified CNS PNS, and similarities between other temporal lobe diseases such as herpes encephalitis have been elucidated. In the past few decades several autoantibodies have been described in association with LE. These encompass the classical 'onconeuronal' antibodies (abs) such as Hu, Yo, Ri and others, and now additionally abs towards either ion channels or surface antigens. The clinical core findings in LE are various mental changes such as amnesia or confusion, often associated with seizures. Careful characterization of psychiatric manifestations and/or associated neurological signs can help to characterize the syndrome and type of ab. The treatment options in LE depend on the aetiology. In LE caused by onconeuronal abs, the treatment options are poor. In two types of abs associated with LE, abs against ion channels and surface antigens (e.g. NMDA), immunomodulatory treatments seem effective, making these types of LE treatable conditions. However, LE can also occur without being associated with cancer, in which case only immunomodulation is required. Despite effective treatments, some patients' residual deficits remain, and recurrences have also been described. |
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Authors:
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Wolfgang Grisold; Bruno Giometto; Roberta Vitaliani; Stefan Oberndorfer |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders Volume: 4 ISSN: 1756-2864 ISO Abbreviation: Ther Adv Neurol Disord Publication Date: 2011 Jul |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-07-18 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101480242 Medline TA: Ther Adv Neurol Disord Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 237-48 Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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Department of Neurology, KFJ Hospital, Kundratstrasse 3, 1100 Vienna, Austria. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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