| Cortisol awakening response prospectively predicts peritraumatic and acute stress reactions in police officers. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21906725 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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BACKGROUND: The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is a major stress response system hypothesized to be involved in the pathogenesis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, few studies have prospectively examined the relationships among pre-exposure hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity, acute stress reactions and PTSD. METHODS: Two hundred ninety-six police recruits were assessed during academy training before critical incident exposure and provided salivary cortisol at first awakening and after 30 minutes. A measure of cortisol awakening response (CAR) was computed as the change in cortisol level from the first to the second collection. At 12, 24, and 36 months following the start of active police service, officers were assessed for peritraumatic distress, peritraumatic dissociation, acute stress disorder (ASD) symptoms, and PTSD symptoms to their self-identified worst duty-related critical incident. Mixed models for repeated measures were used to analyze the effects of CAR on the outcome variables pooled across the three follow-up assessments. RESULTS: After controlling for time of awakening, first awakening cortisol levels, and cumulative critical incident stress exposure, CAR during academy training was associated with greater peritraumatic dissociation, β = .14, z = 3.49, p < .0001, and greater ASD symptoms during police service assessed at 12, 24, and 36 months, β = .09, Z = 2.03, p < .05, but not with peritraumatic distress, β = .03, z = .81, p = .42, or PTSD symptoms, β = -.004, z = -.09, p = .93. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that greater cortisol response to awakening is a pre-exposure risk factor for peritraumatic dissociation and ASD symptoms during police service. |
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Authors:
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Sabra S Inslicht; Christian Otte; Shannon E McCaslin; Brigitte A Apfel; Clare Henn-Haase; Thomas Metzler; Rachel Yehuda; Thomas C Neylan; Charles R Marmar |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Date: 2011-09-09 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Biological psychiatry Volume: 70 ISSN: 1873-2402 ISO Abbreviation: Biol. Psychiatry Publication Date: 2011 Dec |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-11-02 Completed Date: 2012-02-28 Revised Date: 2013-02-19 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0213264 Medline TA: Biol Psychiatry Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 1055-62 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
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Published by Elsevier Inc. |
Affiliation:
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PTSD Research Program, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street (116P), San Francisco, CA 94121, USA. Sabra.Inslicht@ucsf.edu |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adult Female Humans Hydrocortisone / diagnostic use* Linear Models Longitudinal Studies Male Police* Predictive Value of Tests Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Saliva / metabolism Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / diagnosis* Stress, Psychological / diagnosis* Time Factors Wakefulness / physiology* Young Adult |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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R01 - MH056350-06/MH/NIMH NIH HHS; R01 MH056350-13/MH/NIMH NIH HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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50-23-7/Hydrocortisone |
| Comments/Corrections | |
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