| Cooperation in social dilemmas: free riding may be thwarted by second-order reward rather than by punishment. | |
| | |
MedLine Citation:
|
PMID: 18808262 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
|
Cooperation among nonrelatives can be puzzling because cooperation often involves incurring costs to confer benefits on unrelated others. Punishment of noncooperators can sustain otherwise fragile cooperation, but the provision of punishment suffers from a "second-order" free-riding problem because nonpunishers can free ride on the benefits from costly punishment provided by others. One suggested solution to this problem is second-order punishment of nonpunishers; more generally, the threat or promise of higher order sanctions might maintain the lower order sanctions that enforce cooperation in collective action problems. Here the authors report on 3 experiments testing people's willingness to provide second-order sanctions by having participants play a cooperative game with opportunities to punish and reward each other. The authors found that people supported those who rewarded cooperators either by rewarding them or by punishing nonrewarders, but people did not support those who punished noncooperators--they did not reward punishers or punish nonpunishers. Furthermore, people did not approve of punishers more than they did nonpunishers, even when nonpunishers were clearly unwilling to use sanctions to support cooperation. The results suggest that people will much more readily support positive sanctions than they will support negative sanctions. |
| | |
Authors:
|
Toko Kiyonari; Pat Barclay |
Publication Detail:
|
Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
Journal Detail:
|
Title: Journal of personality and social psychology Volume: 95 ISSN: 0022-3514 ISO Abbreviation: J Pers Soc Psychol Publication Date: 2008 Oct |
Date Detail:
|
Created Date: 2008-09-23 Completed Date: 2008-11-04 Revised Date: 2009-11-11 |
Medline Journal Info:
|
Nlm Unique ID: 0014171 Medline TA: J Pers Soc Psychol Country: United States |
Other Details:
|
Languages: eng Pagination: 826-42 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
|
Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Toko.Kiyonari@ua.ac.be |
Export Citation:
|
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
|
Altruism* Attitude* Cooperative Behavior* Humans Punishment* Questionnaires Reward* Social Behavior* |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Previous Document: A new look at the consequences of attitude certainty: the amplification hypothesis.
Next Document: A test of the extended intergroup contact hypothesis: the mediating role of intergroup anxiety, perc...