| Control of respiration in fish, amphibians and reptiles. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 20396858 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Fish and amphibians utilise a suction/force pump to ventilate gills or lungs, with the respiratory muscles innervated by cranial nerves, while reptiles have a thoracic, aspiratory pump innervated by spinal nerves. However, fish can recruit a hypobranchial pump for active jaw occlusion during hypoxia, using feeding muscles innervated by anterior spinal nerves. This same pump is used to ventilate the air-breathing organ in air-breathing fishes. Some reptiles retain a buccal force pump for use during hypoxia or exercise. All vertebrates have respiratory rhythm generators (RRG) located in the brainstem. In cyclostomes and possibly jawed fishes, this may comprise elements of the trigeminal nucleus, though in the latter group RRG neurons have been located in the reticular formation. In air-breathing fishes and amphibians, there may be separate RRG for gill and lung ventilation. There is some evidence for multiple RRG in reptiles. Both amphibians and reptiles show episodic breathing patterns that may be centrally generated, though they do respond to changes in oxygen supply. Fish and larval amphibians have chemoreceptors sensitive to oxygen partial pressure located on the gills. Hypoxia induces increased ventilation and a reflex bradycardia and may trigger aquatic surface respiration or air-breathing, though these latter activities also respond to behavioural cues. Adult amphibians and reptiles have peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid arteries and central chemoreceptors sensitive to blood carbon dioxide levels. Lung perfusion may be regulated by cardiac shunting and lung ventilation stimulates lung stretch receptors. |
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Authors:
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E W Taylor; C A C Leite; D J McKenzie; T Wang |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Date: 2010-04-09 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas médicas e biológicas / Sociedade Brasileira de Biofísica ... [et al.] Volume: 43 ISSN: 1414-431X ISO Abbreviation: Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. Publication Date: 2010 May |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-05-20 Completed Date: 2010-12-07 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8112917 Medline TA: Braz J Med Biol Res Country: Brazil |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 409-24 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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University of Birmingham, United Kingdom. E.W.Taylor@bham.ac.uk <E.W.Taylor@bham.ac.uk> |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Amphibians
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physiology* Animals Chemoreceptor Cells / physiology Fishes / physiology* Mechanoreceptors / physiology Reptiles / physiology* Respiration* Respiratory System / innervation |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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