Document Detail


Control of oxidative phosphorylation by vitamin A illuminates a fundamental role in mitochondrial energy homoeostasis.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  19812372     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
The physiology of two metabolites of vitamin A is understood in substantial detail: retinaldehyde functions as the universal chromophore in the vertebrate and invertebrate eye; retinoic acid regulates a set of vertebrate transcription factors, the retinoic acid receptor superfamily. The third member of this retinoid triumvirate is retinol. While functioning as the precursor of retinaldehyde and retinoic acid, a growing body of evidence suggests a far more fundamental role for retinol in signal transduction. Here we show that retinol is essential for the metabolic fitness of mitochondria. When cells were deprived of retinol, respiration and ATP synthesis defaulted to basal levels. They recovered to significantly higher energy output as soon as retinol was restored to physiological concentration, without the need for metabolic conversion to other retinoids. Retinol emerged as an essential cofactor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta), without which this enzyme failed to be activated in mitochondria. Furthermore, retinol needed to physically bind PKCdelta, because mutation of the retinol binding site rendered PKCdelta unresponsive to Rol, while retaining responsiveness to phorbol ester. The PKCdelta/retinol complex signaled the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex for enhanced flux of pyruvate into the Krebs cycle. The baseline response was reduced in vitamin A-deficient lecithin:retinol acyl transferase-knockout mice, but this was corrected within 3 h by intraperitoneal injection of vitamin A; this suggests that vitamin A is physiologically important. These results illuminate a hitherto unsuspected role of vitamin A in mitochondrial bioenergetics of mammals, acting as a nutritional sensor. As such, retinol is of fundamental importance for energy homeostasis. The data provide a mechanistic explanation to the nearly 100-yr-old question of why vitamin A deficiency causes so many pathologies that are independent of retinoic acid action.
Authors:
Rebeca Acin-Perez; Beatrice Hoyos; Feng Zhao; Valerie Vinogradov; Donald A Fischman; Robert A Harris; Michael Leitges; Nuttaporn Wongsiriroj; William S Blaner; Giovanni Manfredi; Ulrich Hammerling
Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't     Date:  2009-10-07
Journal Detail:
Title:  FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology     Volume:  24     ISSN:  1530-6860     ISO Abbreviation:  FASEB J.     Publication Date:  2010 Feb 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2010-01-29     Completed Date:  2010-02-25     Revised Date:  2012-02-15    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  8804484     Medline TA:  FASEB J     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  627-36     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology and Neurobiology Weill-Cornell Medical School, New York, New York, USA.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Animals
Energy Metabolism / physiology*
Homeostasis / drug effects,  physiology
Humans
Jurkat Cells
Male
Mice
Mitochondria / drug effects,  metabolism*
Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases / drug effects,  metabolism
Oxidative Phosphorylation / drug effects
Oxygen Consumption / drug effects
Protein Kinase C-delta / metabolism*
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex / drug effects,  physiology*
Retinoids / pharmacology
Signal Transduction
Vitamin A / physiology*
Vitamin A Deficiency / metabolism
Grant Support
ID/Acronym/Agency:
CA089362/CA/NCI NIH HHS; DK069384/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS; DK079221/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS; K02NS047306/NS/NINDS NIH HHS
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; 0/Retinoids; 11103-57-4/Vitamin A; EC 2.7.11.13/Protein Kinase C-delta; EC 3.6.3.-/Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases
Comments/Corrections

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