| Contrast transcranial Doppler ultrasound in the detection of right-to-left shunts. Reproducibility, comparison of 2 agents, and distribution of microemboli. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 10229737 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cardiac right-to-left shunts can be identified by transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) with the use of different contrast agents and by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Systematic data are available on neither the reproducibility of contrast TCD, the comparison of different contrast agents, nor the comparison of simultaneous bilateral to unilateral recordings. Furthermore, we assessed the side distribution of thus provoked artificial cardiac emboli. METHODS: Fifty-four patients were investigated by TEE and by bilateral TCD of the middle cerebral artery. The following protocol was performed twice: injection of 9 mL of agitated saline without Valsalva maneuver, injection of 9 mL of agitated saline with Valsalva maneuver, injection of 5 mL of a commercial galactose-based contrast agent without Valsalva maneuver, and injection of 5 mL of the galactose-based contrast agent with Valsalva maneuver. RESULTS: In 18 patients, a right-to-left shunt was demonstrated by TEE and contrast TCD (shunt positive). Twenty-nine patients were negative in both investigations, 1 was positive on TEE and negative on TCD, and 6 patients were only positive on TCD. Both bilateral and repeated recordings increased the sensitivity of contrast TCD. There was a symmetrical distribution of microembolic signals in the right and left middle cerebral artery. CONCLUSIONS: TCD performed twice and with the use of saline or a galactose-based contrast agent is a sensitive method in the identification of cardiac right-to-left shunts also identified by TEE. The cardiac microemboli in this study did not show any side preference for one of the middle cerebral arteries. |
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Authors:
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D W Droste; M Reisener; V Kemény; R Dittrich; G Schulte-Altedorneburg; J Stypmann; T Wichter; E B Ringelstein |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Comparative Study; Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation Volume: 30 ISSN: 0039-2499 ISO Abbreviation: Stroke Publication Date: 1999 May |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 1999-05-27 Completed Date: 1999-05-27 Revised Date: 2006-11-15 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0235266 Medline TA: Stroke Country: UNITED STATES |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 1014-8 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Neurology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology and Institute of Arteriosclerosis Research, University of Münster, Germany. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adult Aged Cerebrovascular Circulation Contrast Media Echocardiography Female Functional Laterality Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / ultrasonography* Humans Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis / ultrasonography* Male Middle Aged Reproducibility of Results Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial / methods*, standards* Valsalva Maneuver |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Contrast Media |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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