| Concentration ratios of free-morphine to free-codeine in femoral blood in heroin-related poisoning deaths. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21377914 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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The concentrations of free-morphine (Mo), free-codeine (Co) and 6-monoacetyl morphine (6-MAM) were determined in femoral blood in N=747 heroin-related deaths. The opiates were determined by isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after solid-phase extraction. The median blood concentrations of 6-MAM, free-morphine and free-codeine were 0.01mg/L, 0.24mg/L and 0.02mg/L, respectively. The mean and median Mo/Co concentration ratios were 13.2 and 11.0, respectively with a range from 0.2 to 124. Despite the fact that all victims had taken heroin, there were eight cases (1.1%) with a Mo/Co ratio less than one and 18 cases (2.4%) with a ratio less than two. The free-morphine concentration in blood did not depend on the Mo/Co ratio; median 0.29mg/L (Mo/Co<2.0) and median 0.25mg/L (Mo/Co ratio>2.0). By contrast, the concentration of free-codeine in blood was highly dependent on the Mo/Co ratio; median 0.75mg/L (Mo/Co<1.0) and median 0.30mg/L (Mo/Co ratio<2.0). A Mo/Co ratio in post-mortem (PM) femoral blood >1.0 is compelling evidence that the deceased had taken illicit heroin. However, finding a low Mo/Co ratio (<1.0 or <2.0) does not preclude use of heroin because such low ratios are possible if a person had co-ingested heroin along with use or abuse of codeine medication. |
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Authors:
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A Wayne Jones; Anita Holmgren |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-3-4 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Legal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Volume: - ISSN: 1873-4162 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Mar |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-3-7 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 100889186 Medline TA: Leg Med (Tokyo) Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. |
Affiliation:
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Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Artillerigatan 12, SE-587 58 Linköping, Sweden. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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