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Concentration-dependent effects of antimicrobials on Staphylococcus aureus toxin-mediated cytokine production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  21980070     Owner:  NLM     Status:  Publisher    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
BackgroundToxins contribute to the pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus infections by inducing a dysregulated inflammatory response. This study evaluated the impact of anti-staphylococcal antibiotic exposures over an increasing concentration range on cytokine production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after S. aureus toxin exposures.MethodsHuman PBMCs were suspended in complete Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum at 10(6) cells/mL with 100 ng/mL S. aureus toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), α-toxin or Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL). Vancomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tigecycline, daptomycin, linezolid, clindamycin and azithromycin were added at a concentration range of 0.5-100 mg/L. Cytokine [interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] concentrations were measured in duplicate by ELISA following exposure and were compared with response with toxin alone.ResultsAt concentrations approximating serum C(max), tigecycline decreased IL-6 by 52%-57% and IFN-γ production by 43%-53% compared with toxin alone (P ≤ 0.05) and linezolid inhibited TNF-α by 12%-35% and IL-8 by 25%-42% (P ≤ 0.02). However, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole increased TNF-α and IL-8 production (P = 0.002). Clindamycin, daptomycin, vancomycin and azithromycin had no consistent significant effect at approximate serum C(max) concentrations. All antibiotics had a concentration-dependent effect on cytokine production, with tigecycline, clindamycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole being the most potent inhibitors of cytokine production at concentrations exceeding 25 mg/L.ConclusionsS. aureus toxins stimulate production of inflammatory cytokines in PBMCs. Antimicrobials with high tissue penetration, including tigecycline, clindamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and linezolid, reduced cytokine production, which, along with their antimicrobial effects, may have importance in the therapeutic outcome of severe infections.
Authors:
Solen Pichereau; John J M Moran; Mary S Hayney; Sanjay K Shukla; George Sakoulas; Warren E Rose
Publication Detail:
Type:  JOURNAL ARTICLE     Date:  2011-10-5
Journal Detail:
Title:  The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy     Volume:  -     ISSN:  1460-2091     ISO Abbreviation:  -     Publication Date:  2011 Oct 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2011-10-7     Completed Date:  -     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  7513617     Medline TA:  J Antimicrob Chemother     Country:  -    
Other Details:
Languages:  ENG     Pagination:  -     Citation Subset:  -    
Affiliation:
Pharmacy Practice Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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