| Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxin Type B Is Heat-Stable in Milk and Not Inactivated by Pasteurization. | |
| | |
MedLine Citation:
|
PMID: 21053906 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
|
Foodborne botulism is caused by the ingestion of foods containing botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs). To study the heat stability of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins, we needed to measure and compare the activity of botulinum neurotoxins, serotypes A and B, under various pasteurization conditions. Currently, the only accepted assay to detect active C. botulinum neurotoxin is an in vivo mouse bioassay, which raises ethical concerns with regard to the use of experimental animals. In this study, noninvasive methods were used to simultaneously detect and distinguish between active BoNT serotypes A and B in one reaction and sample. We developed an enzymatic activity assay employing internally quenched fluorogenic peptides corresponding to SNAP-25, for BoNT-A, and VAMP2, for BoNT-B, as an alternative method to the mouse bioassay. Because each peptide is labeled with different fluorophores, we were able to distinguish between these two toxins. We used this method to analyze the heat stability of BoNT-A and BoNT-B. This study reports that conventional milk pasteurization (63 °C, 30 min) inactivated BoNT serotype A; however, serotype B is heat-stable in milk and not inactivated by pasteurization. Using this activity assay, we also showed that the commonly used food processes such as acidity and pasteurization, which are known to inhibit C. botulinum growth and toxin production, are more effective in inactivating BoNT serotype A than serotype B when conventional pasteurization (63 °C, 30 min) is used. |
| | |
Authors:
|
Reuven Rasooly; Paula M Do |
Related Documents
:
|
11722906 - Enterotoxigenic potential of staphylococcus intermedius. 16512256 - Marine and freshwater toxins. 3891256 - Role of the mucosal barrier in toxin/microbial attachment to the gastrointestinal tract. 7421626 - Wound botulism. 16933786 - Dietary intakes and food sources of fatty acids for belgian women, focused on n-6 and n... 17718006 - Limnological investigations of texi temple pond in district etawah (u.p.). |
Publication Detail:
|
Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2010-11-5 |
Journal Detail:
|
Title: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Volume: - ISSN: 1520-5118 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2010 Nov |
Date Detail:
|
Created Date: 2010-11-8 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
|
Nlm Unique ID: 0374755 Medline TA: J Agric Food Chem Country: - |
Other Details:
|
Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
|
Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, United States. |
Export Citation:
|
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
|
|
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Previous Document: In Vitro Antitumor and Immunomodulatory Effects of the Protein PCP-3A from Mushroom Pleurotus citrin...
Next Document: Effect of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici on the Soil-to-Root Translocation of Heavy Metals in...