| Clinical Application of Ghrelin. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22632860 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Ghrelin as a human natural hormone is involved in fundamental regulatory processes of eating and energy balance. Ghrelin signals the nutrient availability from the gastrointestinal tract to the central nervous system, up-regulates food intake and lowers energy expenditure mainly through hypothalamic mediators acting both centrally and peripheral including the gastrointestinal tract (motility, epithelium), promotes both neuro-endocrine and inflammatory signals to increase skeletal muscle growth and decrease protein breakdown, and increases lipolysis while body fat utilization is reduced. Ghrelin does more to exert its probably sentinel role around "human energy:" it influences through mainly extra-hypothalamic actions the hedonic and incentive value of food, mood and anxiety, sleep-wake regulation, learning and memory, and neurogenesis. Recently numerous ghrelin gene-derived peptides were discovered, demonstrating the complexity within the ghrelin/ghrelin receptor axis. For clinical applications, not only the natural ghrelin and its slice variants, but also several modified or artificial molecules acting at ghrelin-associated receptors were and are developed. Current clinical applications are limited to clinical studies, focusing mainly on cachexia in chronic heart failure, COPD, cancer, end-stage-renal-disease or cystic fibrosis, but also on frailty in elderly, gastrointestinal motility (e.g., gastroparesis, functional dyspepsia, postoperative ileus), after curative gastrectomy, anorexia nervosa, growth hormone deficient patients, alcohol craving, sleep-wake regulation (e.g. major depression), or sympathetic nervous activity in obesity. The results of completed, preliminary studies support the clinical potential of ghrelin, ghrelin gene-derived peptides, and artificial analogues, suggesting that larger clinical trials are demanded to move ghrelin towards an available and reimbursed pharmaceutical intervention. |
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Authors:
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Florian Strasser |
Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2012-5-23 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Current pharmaceutical design Volume: - ISSN: 1873-4286 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2012 May |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2012-5-28 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9602487 Medline TA: Curr Pharm Des Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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Oncological Palliative Medicine, Division Oncology, Dept. Internal Medicine and Palliative Center, Dept. Interdisciplinary Medical Services, Cantonal Hospital, St.Gallen, Switzerland. Florian.strasser@kssg.ch. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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