Document Detail


Cigarette smoking increases aortic dilatation without affecting matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -12 expression in a modified mouse model of aneurysm formation.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  17398058     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
OBJECTIVE: The development of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is presumed to result from multiple genetic and environmental factors, with exposure to tobacco smoke the single largest known factor predisposing to aneurysm growth. We have attempted to adapt the elastase-perfused animal model to determine whether tobacco exposure can lower the threshold of aortic injury necessary for AAA development.
METHODS: Adult C57BL/6 mice underwent transient perfusion of the infrarenal aorta with an active solution of elastase: high-dose (HDE, 0.19 U/mL, n=9), standard-dose (SDE, 0.16 U/mL, n=21) or low-dose (LDE, 0.07 U/mL, n=24). Control animals (n=24) were treated with heat inactivated elastase (HIE). Twenty LDE perfused mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (LDE-S) beginning 2 weeks before perfusion and continuing until aortic harvest. Aortic diameter (AD) was measured preperfusion, postperfusion, and at harvest on day 14. AAA was defined as %DeltaAD>or=100% between preperfusion and harvest. Aortas from each group (except HDE) were analyzed for matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and MMP-12 expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
RESULTS: All SDE mice developed large AAA by %DeltaAD (189.3%+/-16.9%, mean+/-standard error of the mean), but control mice had only a small dilatation (69.7%+/-3.7%, P<.01). Higher doses of elastase did not produce larger aneurysms in HDE mice. In contrast, only 63% of LDE mice showed aneurysmal dilatation, and these were significantly smaller (104.3%+/-4.2%, P<.01). When exposed to cigarette smoke, LDE animals developed significantly larger aneurysms (%DeltaAD, 134.5%+/-7.9%, P=.0021). There was no difference in normalized aortic MMP-9 and MMP-12 expression between elastase doses or between smoke-exposed and unexposed animals. Histologic analysis revealed that smoking increased the extent of aortic elastin degradation when compared with LDE-S animals.
CONCLUSION: Aneurysm development in the elastase model is dependent on the quantity of active elastase infused. Exposure of animals to tobacco smoke after a relatively minor aortic elastase injury produces increases in elastin degradation and aneurysm size without affecting MMP-9 or MMP-12 expression. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration in an animal model that smoking can act as a synergistic factor in AAA development. Further understanding of the relationship between smoking and AAA in this model may help unveil the pathophysiologic pathways involved between cigarette smoke and AAAs.
Authors:
Michel P Bergoeing; Batool Arif; Amy E Hackmann; Terri L Ennis; Robert W Thompson; John A Curci
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't     Date:  2007-03-29
Journal Detail:
Title:  Journal of vascular surgery     Volume:  45     ISSN:  0741-5214     ISO Abbreviation:  J. Vasc. Surg.     Publication Date:  2007 Jun 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2007-06-04     Completed Date:  2007-07-13     Revised Date:  2012-10-03    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  8407742     Medline TA:  J Vasc Surg     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  1217-1227     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Department of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Animals
Aorta, Abdominal / drug effects*,  enzymology,  pathology
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / chemically induced,  etiology*,  metabolism,  pathology,  physiopathology
Blood Pressure / drug effects
Cotinine / urine
Dilatation, Pathologic
Disease Models, Animal
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / drug effects
Male
Matrix Metalloproteinase 12 / analysis*,  genetics
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / analysis*,  genetics
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Pancreatic Elastase
RNA, Messenger / analysis
Risk Factors
Smoke / adverse effects*
Time Factors
Tobacco*
Grant Support
ID/Acronym/Agency:
DK56341/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS; P30 DK056341-06/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS; P30 DK056341-07/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/RNA, Messenger; 0/Smoke; 486-56-6/Cotinine; EC 3.4.21.36/Pancreatic Elastase; EC 3.4.24.35/Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; EC 3.4.24.65/Matrix Metalloproteinase 12

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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