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Cholinesterases, a target of pharmacology and toxicology.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  22286807     Owner:  NLM     Status:  In-Data-Review    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
Background. Cholinesterases are a group of serine hydrolases that split the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) and terminate its action. Of the two types, butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), AChE plays the key role in ending cholinergic neurotransmission. Cholinesterase inhibitors are substances, either natural or man-made that interfere with the break-down of ACh and prolong its action. Hence their relevance to toxicology and pharmacology. Methods and Results. The present review summarizes current knowledge of the cholinesterases and their inhibition. Particular attention is paid to the toxicology and pharmacology of cholinesterase-related inhibitors such as nerve agents (e.g. sarin, soman, tabun, VX), pesticides (e.g. paraoxon, parathion, malathion, malaoxon, carbofuran), selected plants and fungal secondary metabolites (e.g. aflatoxins), drugs for Alzheimer's disease (e.g. huperzine, metrifonate, tacrine, donepezil) and Myasthenia gravis (e.g. pyridostigmine) treatment and other compounds (propidium, ethidium, decamethonium). Conclusions. The crucial role of the cholinesterases in neural transmission makes them a primary target of a large number of cholinesterase-inhibiting drugs and toxins. In pharmacology, this has relevance to the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Authors:
Miroslav Pohanka
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article    
Journal Detail:
Title:  Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacký, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia     Volume:  155     ISSN:  1213-8118     ISO Abbreviation:  Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub     Publication Date:  2011 Sep 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2012-01-30     Completed Date:  -     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  101140142     Medline TA:  Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub     Country:  Czech Republic    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  219-29     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. miroslav.pohanka@gmail.com.
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