| Characteristic metabolism of free amino acids in cetacean plasma: cluster analysis and comparison with mice. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21072195 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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From an evolutionary perspective, the ancestors of cetaceans first lived in terrestrial environments prior to adapting to aquatic environments. Whereas anatomical and morphological adaptations to aquatic environments have been well studied, few studies have focused on physiological changes. We focused on plasma amino acid concentrations (aminograms) since they show distinct patterns under various physiological conditions. Plasma and urine aminograms were obtained from bottlenose dolphins, pacific white-sided dolphins, Risso's dolphins, false-killer whales and C57BL/6J and ICR mice. Hierarchical cluster analyses were employed to uncover a multitude of amino acid relationships among different species, which can help us understand the complex interrelations comprising metabolic adaptations. The cetacean aminograms formed a cluster that was markedly distinguishable from the mouse cluster, indicating that cetaceans and terrestrial mammals have quite different metabolic machinery for amino acids. Levels of carnosine and 3-methylhistidine, both of which are antioxidants, were substantially higher in cetaceans. Urea was markedly elevated in cetaceans, whereas the level of urea cycle-related amino acids was lower. Because diving mammals must cope with high rates of reactive oxygen species generation due to alterations in apnea/reoxygenation and ischemia-reperfusion processes, high concentrations of antioxidative amino acids are advantageous. Moreover, shifting the set point of urea cycle may be an adaptation used for body water conservation in the hyperosmotic sea water environment, because urea functions as a major blood osmolyte. Furthermore, since dolphins are kept in many aquariums for observation, the evaluation of these aminograms may provide useful diagnostic indices for the assessment of cetacean health in artificial environments in the future. |
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Authors:
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Kazuki Miyaji; Kenji Nagao; Makoto Bannai; Hiroshi Asakawa; Kaoru Kohyama; Dai Ohtsu; Fumio Terasawa; Shu Ito; Hajime Iwao; Nobuyo Ohtani; Mitsuaki Ohta |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Date: 2010-11-02 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: PloS one Volume: 5 ISSN: 1932-6203 ISO Abbreviation: PLoS ONE Publication Date: 2010 |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-11-12 Completed Date: 2011-04-27 Revised Date: 2013-05-27 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101285081 Medline TA: PLoS One Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: e13808 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan. |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Amino Acids
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blood*,
metabolism*,
urine Analysis of Variance Animals Carnosine / blood Cluster Analysis Creatinine / urine Dolphins Female Male Methylhistidines / blood Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Inbred ICR Species Specificity Urea / metabolism Whales |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Amino Acids; 0/Methylhistidines; 305-84-0/Carnosine; 368-16-1/3-methylhistidine; 57-13-6/Urea; 60-27-5/Creatinine |
| Comments/Corrections | |
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