Document Detail


Cerebral microvascular nNOS responds to lowered oxygen tension through a bumetanide-sensitive cotransporter and sodium-calcium exchanger.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  18326806     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
Na(+) cotransporters have a substantial role in neuronal damage during brain hypoxia. We proposed these cotransporters have beneficial roles in oxygen-sensing mechanisms that increase periarteriolar nitric oxide (NO) concentration ([NO]) during mild to moderate oxygen deprivation. Our prior studies have shown that cerebral neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) is essential for [NO] responses to decreased oxygen tension and that endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) is of little consequence. In this study, we explored the mechanisms of three specific cotransporters known to play a role in the hypoxic state: KB-R7943 for blockade of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger, bumetanide for the Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter, and amiloride for Na(+)/H(+) cotransporters. In vivo measurements of arteriolar diameter and [NO] at normal and locally reduced oxygen tension in the rat parietal cortex provided the functional analysis. As previously found for intestinal arterioles, bumetanide-sensitive cotransporters are primarily responsible for sensing reduced oxygen because the increased [NO] and dilation were suppressed. The Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger facilitated increased NO formation because blockade also suppressed [NO] and dilatory responses to decreased oxygen. Amiloride-sensitive Na(+)/H(+) cotransporters did not significantly contribute to the microvascular regulation. To confirm that nNOS rather than eNOS was primarily responsible for NO generation, eNOS was suppressed with the fusion protein cavtratin for the caveolae domain of eNOS. Although the resting [NO] decreased and arterioles constricted as eNOS was suppressed, most of the increased NO and dilatory response to oxygen were preserved because nNOS was functional. Therefore, nNOS activation secondary to Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter and Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger functions are key to cerebral vascular oxygen responses.
Authors:
Holly D Bauser-Heaton; Jin Song; H Glenn Bohlen
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural     Date:  2008-03-07
Journal Detail:
Title:  American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology     Volume:  294     ISSN:  0363-6135     ISO Abbreviation:  Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.     Publication Date:  2008 May 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2008-05-07     Completed Date:  2008-06-12     Revised Date:  2009-11-19    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  100901228     Medline TA:  Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  H2166-73     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University Medical School, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Amiloride / pharmacology
Animals
Arterioles / drug effects,  metabolism
Bumetanide / pharmacology*
Caveolin 1 / metabolism
Cerebral Arteries / drug effects*,  enzymology,  metabolism
Cerebral Cortex / blood supply*
Cerebrovascular Circulation / drug effects
Diuretics / pharmacology*
Enzyme Activation
Glutamic Acid / metabolism
Male
Nitric Oxide / metabolism
Nitric Oxide Synthase / metabolism*
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / metabolism
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
Oxygen / blood*
Peptide Fragments / metabolism
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / pharmacology*
Sodium-Calcium Exchanger / antagonists & inhibitors*,  metabolism
Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter / antagonists & inhibitors,  metabolism
Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters / antagonists & inhibitors*,  metabolism
Thiourea / analogs & derivatives,  pharmacology
Vasoconstriction / drug effects
Vasodilation / drug effects
Grant Support
ID/Acronym/Agency:
HL 20605/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/2-(2-(4-(4-nitrobenzyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)isothiourea methanesulfonate; 0/Caveolin 1; 0/Diuretics; 0/Peptide Fragments; 0/Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; 0/Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; 0/Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter; 0/Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters; 10102-43-9/Nitric Oxide; 2609-46-3/Amiloride; 28395-03-1/Bumetanide; 56-86-0/Glutamic Acid; 62-56-6/Thiourea; 7782-44-7/Oxygen; EC 1.14.13.39/Nitric Oxide Synthase; EC 1.14.13.39/Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; EC 1.14.13.39/Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; EC 1.14.13.39/Nos1 protein, rat; EC 1.14.13.39/Nos3 protein, rat

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