| Central pattern generation involved in oral and respiratory control for feeding in the term infant. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19417662 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Drinking and eating are essential skills for survival and benefit from the coordination of several pattern generating networks and their musculoskeletal effectors to achieve safe swallows. Oralpharyngoesophageal motility develops during infancy and early childhood, and is influenced by various factors, including neuromuscular maturation, dietary and postural habits, arousal state, ongoing illnesses, congenital anomalies, and the effects of medical or surgical interventions. Gastroesophageal reflux is frequent in neonates and infants, and its role in neonatal morbidity including dysphagia, chronic lung disease, or apparent life-threatening events is not well understood. This review highlights recent studies aimed at understanding the development of oral feeding skills, and cross-system interactions among the brainstem, spinal, and cerebral networks involved in feeding. RECENT FINDINGS: Functional linkages between suck-swallow and swallow-respiration manifest transitional forms during late gestation through the first year of life, which can be delayed or modified by sensory experience or disease processes, or both. Relevant central pattern generator (CPG) networks and their neuromuscular targets attain functional status at different rates, which ultimately influences cross-system CPG interactions. Entrainment of trigeminal primary afferents accelerates pattern genesis for the suck CPG and transition-to-oral feed in the RDS preterm infant. SUMMARY: The genesis of within-system CPG control for rate and amplitude scaling matures differentially for suck, mastication, swallow, and respiration. Cross-system interactions among these CPGs represent targets of opportunity for new interventions, which optimize experience-dependent mechanisms to promote safe swallows among newborn and pediatric patients. |
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Authors:
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Steven M Barlow |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery Volume: 17 ISSN: 1531-6998 ISO Abbreviation: Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg Publication Date: 2009 Jun |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2009-05-20 Completed Date: 2009-08-03 Revised Date: 2012-05-11 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9417024 Medline TA: Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 187-93 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Speech-Language-Hearing: Sciences and Disorders, Neuroscience, Human Biology, and Bioengineering Programs, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA. smbarlow@ku.edu |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Brain / physiopathology* Brain Stem / physiopathology Cerebral Cortex / physiopathology Cranial Nerves / physiopathology Deglutition / physiology* Deglutition Disorders / etiology, physiopathology* Disease Models, Animal Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Infant, Newborn, Diseases / etiology, physiopathology* Mastication / physiology Nerve Net / physiopathology Pulmonary Ventilation / physiology* Spinal Cord / physiopathology* Sucking Behavior / physiology* |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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P30 DC005803/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS; P30 DC005803-079003/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS; P30 HD02528/HD/NICHD NIH HHS; R01 DC003311/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS; R01 DC003311/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS; R01 DC003311-07/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS; R01 DC003311-09/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS |
| Comments/Corrections | |
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