| Case-control studies for identifying novel teratogens. | |
| | |
MedLine Citation:
|
PMID: 21766434 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
|
The case-control study design offers an operationally efficient approach to measuring an association between an exposure and an outcome, especially when the outcome is rare, as is true for specific birth defects. For example, instead of following 50,000 pregnant women to have sufficient statistical power to identify a doubling in risk of oral clefts associated with a common exposure (e.g., cigarette smoking), 75 cases and 3 controls per case could be studied with equal statistical power. Examples of case sources include hospital or clinical series, or birth defect registries. For validity, control subjects should represent the population base of the cases, which can be difficult to identify for non-population-based case groups. Case-control studies typically rely on retrospective exposure measurement, which presents a major challenge and sets up the possibility of recall bias. Approaches are discussed to keep sources of bias to a minimum, including recall, non-differential information, and selection biases. Case-control studies can play an important role in this process for both hypothesis-generation and hypothesis-testing of potential teratogens. Examples of case-control studies and their contributions to the field are presented. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. |
| | |
Authors:
|
Martha M Werler; Carol Louik; Allen A Mitchell |
Related Documents
:
|
12112224 - Tardive tremor due to metoclopramide. 17585374 - Epithelial ingrowth following surgery of recurrent pterygium. 6219714 - Parasympathetic rebound following emg biofeedback training: a case study. 18566854 - A case of dapsone induced methaemoglobinaemia. 6465824 - Posttraumatic osteolysis of the distal ends of the clavicle. report of three cases. 17881384 - Simple formulas for gauging the potential impacts of population stratification bias. |
Publication Detail:
|
Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Date: 2011-07-15 |
Journal Detail:
|
Title: American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics Volume: 157 ISSN: 1552-4876 ISO Abbreviation: Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet Publication Date: 2011 Aug |
Date Detail:
|
Created Date: 2011-07-20 Completed Date: 2011-12-23 Revised Date: 2013-03-29 |
Medline Journal Info:
|
Nlm Unique ID: 101235745 Medline TA: Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet Country: United States |
Other Details:
|
Languages: eng Pagination: 201-8 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
|
Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. |
Affiliation:
|
Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. werler@bu.edu |
Export Citation:
|
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
|
Case-Control Studies Female Humans Pregnancy Registries Research Design Selection Bias Smoking / adverse effects Teratogens* |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
|
R01 HD051804/HD/NICHD NIH HHS; R01HD051804/HD/NICHD NIH HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
|
0/Teratogens |
| Comments/Corrections | |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Previous Document: Influencing clinical practice regarding the use of antiepileptic medications during pregnancy: Model...
Next Document: The art and science of teratogen risk communication.