| Carotid body oxygen sensing. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 18978138 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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The carotid body (CB) is a neural crest-derived organ whose major function is to sense changes in arterial oxygen tension to elicit hyperventilation in hypoxia. The CB is composed of clusters of neuron-like glomus, or type-I, cells enveloped by glia-like sustentacular, or type-II, cells. Responsiveness of CB to acute hypoxia relies on the inhibition of O(2)-sensitive K(+) channels in glomus cells, which leads to cell depolarisation, Ca(2+) entry and release of transmitters that activate afferent nerve fibres. Although this model of O(2) sensing is generally accepted, the molecular mechanisms underlying K(+) channel modulation by O(2) tension are unknown. Among the putative hypoxia-sensing mechanisms there are: the production of oxygen radicals, either in mitochondria or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases; metabolic mitochondrial inhibition and decrease of intracellular ATP; disruption of the prolylhydroxylase/hypoxia inducible factor pathway; or decrease of carbon monoxide production by haemoxygenase-2. In chronic hypoxia, the CB grows with increasing glomus cell number. The current authors have identified, in the CB, neural stem cells, which can differentiate into glomus cells. Cell fate experiments suggest that the CB progenitors are the glia-like sustentacular cells. The CB appears to be involved in the pathophysiology of several prevalent human diseases. |
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Authors:
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J López-Barneo; P Ortega-Sáenz; R Pardal; A Pascual; J I Piruat |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology Volume: 32 ISSN: 1399-3003 ISO Abbreviation: Eur. Respir. J. Publication Date: 2008 Nov |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2008-11-03 Completed Date: 2009-05-08 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8803460 Medline TA: Eur Respir J Country: Switzerland |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 1386-98 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Edificio de Laboratorios, Segunda planta, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avenida Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain. lbarneo@us.es |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Anoxia Carbon Monoxide / metabolism Carotid Body / metabolism, physiology* Cell Lineage Humans Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / metabolism Mitochondria / metabolism Models, Biological NADPH Oxidase / metabolism Neural Crest / metabolism Oxygen / metabolism* Potassium Channels / metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; 0/Potassium Channels; 0/Reactive Oxygen Species; 630-08-0/Carbon Monoxide; 7782-44-7/Oxygen; EC 1.6.3.1/NADPH Oxidase |
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