| Carbonyl emissions from commercial cooking sources in Hong Kong. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 16933641 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Cooking fumes are an important carbonyl emission source, especially in a highly urbanized city, such as Hong Kong. Cooking exhaust from 15 commercial kitchens of a variety of cooking styles was sampled and analyzed for a suite of 13 carbonyl compounds. Carbonyl compositions were varied among the different cooking styles. Formaldehyde was generally the most abundant carbonyl, and its contribution to the total carbonyl amount on a molar basis ranged from 12 to 60%. Acrolein was also found to be an abundant carbonyl in the cooking exhaust. The highest contribution by acrolein to the total carbonyls was found to be 30% in the exhaust of a western-style steak restaurant. Long-chain saturated carbonyls, that is, heptanal, octanal, and nonanal, accounted for a significant fraction (> 40%) of the total carbonyls in kitchens that always used heated cooking oils. Two dicarbonyls, glyoxal and methylglyoxal, had a various presence in the cooking emissions, ranging from negligible to 10%. The presence of benzaldehyde and tolualdehyde was mostly negligible in the sampled kitchen exhaust. Annual emission rates of both individual carbonyls and total carbonyls were estimated for various types of commercial kitchens. Local-style fast-food shops contributed the highest total carbonyl emissions per year mainly because of the large number of this kind of restaurant in Hong Kong. The citywide annual emission rates of the three most toxic carbonyls, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein, were estimated assuming that the limited number of sampled restaurants were representative of the average restaurants. Such estimates of carbonyl emission rates were comparable to the estimated carbonyl emissions from vehicular sources, suggesting the importance of commercial cooking as a source for carbonyls in Hong Kong. |
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Authors:
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Steven Sai Hang Ho; Jian Zhen Yu; Kam Wah Chu; Lam Lung Yeung |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995) Volume: 56 ISSN: 1096-2247 ISO Abbreviation: J Air Waste Manag Assoc Publication Date: 2006 Aug |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2006-08-28 Completed Date: 2006-10-02 Revised Date: 2006-11-15 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9503111 Medline TA: J Air Waste Manag Assoc Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 1091-8 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Republic of China. |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Air Pollutants, Occupational
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analysis* Cookery* Hong Kong |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Air Pollutants, Occupational |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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