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Can ocular ultrasound predict intracranial hypertension? A pilot diagnostic accuracy evaluation in a UK emergency department.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  22327166     Owner:  NLM     Status:  Publisher    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
OBJECTIVE: To determine if ultrasound guided measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter accurately predicted elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) as demonstrated by cranial computed tomography (CT) in at-risk emergency department patients. METHODS: Optic nerve sheath diameters were measured on a convenience sample of adult patients presenting with suspected elevated ICP to the emergency department of a large teaching hospital over a 6-month period. A cut off for optic nerve sheath diameter of 5 mm was considered positive for elevated ICP. All patients had a subsequent cranial CT scan on the same day reported by a radiologist. Signs of elevated ICP on cranial CT include midline shift with a mass effect of at least 3 mm, sulcal effacement with evidence of significant oedema, collapse of ventricles, and cisternal compression. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients were recruited with a sensitivity of 100% [95% confidence interval (CI), 83.8-100] and specificity of 75% (95% CI, 30.1-95.4) with a cut-off of 5 mm for optic nerve sheath diameter to predict elevated ICP on cranial CT scan. The positive predictive value for an increased optic nerve sheath diameter for elevated ICP was 95.4% (95% CI, 74.13-99.75) and negative predictive value was 100% (95% CI, 31-100). The positive likelihood ratio of a wide optic nerve sheath diameter for elevated ICP on cranial CT was calculated to be 4.00 (95% CI, 0.73-21.84). CONCLUSION: This study shows that the ultrasound guided optic nerve sheath diameter is a sensitive and specific test for predicting elevated ICP. A prospective validation study across emergency departments would test applicability of this test. We propose an algorithm for incorporating ultrasound for the management of suspected intracranial hypertension in emergency departments.
Authors:
Hasan Qayyum; Shammi Ramlakhan
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Publication Detail:
Type:  JOURNAL ARTICLE     Date:  2012-2-9
Journal Detail:
Title:  European journal of emergency medicine : official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine     Volume:  -     ISSN:  1473-5695     ISO Abbreviation:  -     Publication Date:  2012 Feb 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2012-2-13     Completed Date:  -     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  9442482     Medline TA:  Eur J Emerg Med     Country:  -    
Other Details:
Languages:  ENG     Pagination:  -     Citation Subset:  -    
Affiliation:
Emergency Department, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK.
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