| Bone mineral density of the spine and femur in healthy Saudi females: relation to vitamin D status, pregnancy, and lactation. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 10369729 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements of the anterio-posterior lumbar spine and the proximal femur using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, as well as relevant clinical and biochemical parameters, were determined in 321 healthy Saudi females in order to establish reference values and to study the effects of physical and lifestyle factors on BMD. Mean +/- SD of age, body mass index (BMI), number of pregnancies, and total duration of lactation were 35.4 +/- 11.3 years, 26.5 +/- 5.2 kg/m2, 3.1 +/- 3.1, and 23.7 +/- 42.4 months, respectively. Mean +/- SD of serum calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and PTH levels were 2.37 +/- 0.09 mmol/liter, 24.5 +/- 17.2 nmol/liter, and 52.0 +/- 30.8 pg/ml, respectively. Peak BMD values were observed around age 35 years at the spine and earlier at the femur. Compared with USA females, Saudi females had lower weight-matched Z scores at the spine (-0.126 +/- 1. 078, P = 0.04), femoral neck (-0.234 +/- 0.846, P < 0.0001), and Ward's triangle (-0.269 +/- 1.015, P < 0.0001). Further, the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in subjects >/=31 years old were 18-41% and 0-7%, respectively, depending on the site examined. Severe hypovitaminosis D (25OHD level </=20 nmol/liter) was present in 52% of the subjects. However, there was no correlation between 25OHD level and BMD at any site. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels correlated significantly with 25OHD levels (r = -0.28, P < 0.0001) and with weight-matched BMD Z scores at the spine (r = -0.17, P = 0.005), femoral neck (r = -0.16, P = 0.007), and Ward's triangle (r = -0.2, P = 0.0008), suggesting that the distribution of 25OHD levels in the cohort is below the threshold needed for maintaining normal BMD. On the other hand, number of pregnancies and total duration of lactation correlated with weight-matched BMD Z scores at the spine (r = -0.17, P = 0.003; r = -0.1, P = 0.08, respectively). We conclude that BMD in healthy Saudi females is significantly lower than in their USA counterparts. This may be due in part to increased number of pregnancies and longer duration of lactation together with prevalent vitamin D deficiency. http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00223/bibs /65n1p23. html This paper examines the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine and femur and vitamin D status, pregnancy, and lactation among women in Saudi Arabia. The aims of the study are the following: 1) establish normative data for BMD at the anterio-posterior lumbar spine and femur using dual x-ray absorptiometry; 2) compare the BMD of Saudi females and their US counterparts; and 3) examine the relation of BMD to vitamin D status, pregnancy, and lactation. Samples included 321 healthy Saudi females recruited from the city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results suggest that the mean standard deviation (SD) of age, body mass index, number of pregnancies, and total duration of lactation were, respectively, 35.4 +or- 11.3 years, 26.5 +or- 5.2 kg/sq. m, 3.1 +or- 3.1, and 23.7 +or- 42.4 months. Mean +or- SD of serum calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and PTH levels were 2.37 +or- 0.09 mmol/liter, 24.5 +or- 17.2 nmol/liter, and 52.0 +or- 30.8 pg/ml, respectively. Peak BMD values were observed around age 35 years at the spine and earlier at the femur. Compared with US females, Saudi females had lower weight-matched Z scores at the spine, femoral neck, and Ward's triangle. On the other hand, the number of pregnancies and total duration of lactation correlated with weight-matched BMD Z scores at the spine. This made the BMD in healthy Saudi females significantly lower than their US counterparts. This may due to the increase number of pregnancies and longer duration of lactation together with prevalent vitamin D deficiency. |
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Authors:
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N N Ghannam; M M Hammami; S M Bakheet; B A Khan |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Comparative Study; Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Calcified tissue international Volume: 65 ISSN: 0171-967X ISO Abbreviation: Calcif. Tissue Int. Publication Date: 1999 Jul |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 1999-07-16 Completed Date: 1999-07-16 Revised Date: 2007-11-15 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7905481 Medline TA: Calcif Tissue Int Country: UNITED STATES |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 23-8 Citation Subset: IM; J |
Affiliation:
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Department of Medicine (MBC-46), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. |
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Absorptiometry, Photon Adolescent Adult Aged Bone Density* Calcium / blood Child Female Femur Neck / metabolism*, radiography Humans Lactation / physiology* Lumbar Vertebrae / metabolism*, radiography Middle Aged Parathyroid Hormone / blood Pregnancy / physiology* Reference Values Saudi Arabia United States Vitamin D / blood* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Parathyroid Hormone; 1406-16-2/Vitamin D; 7440-70-2/Calcium |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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