| BLOOD VESSEL REMODELING AND PHYSICAL INACTIVITY IN HUMANS. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21737819 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Physical inactivity is associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk which cannot be fully explained by traditional or novel risk factors. Inactivity is also associated with changes in hemodynamic stimuli, which exert direct effects on the vasculature leading to remodeling and a pro-atherogenic phenotype. In this review we synthesize and summarize in vivo evidence relating to the impact of local and systemic models of physical inactivity on conduit arteries, resistance vessels and the microcirculation in humans. Taken together, the literature suggests that a rapid inward structural remodeling of vessels occurs in response to physical inactivity. The magnitude of this response is dependent on the 'dose' of inactivity. Moreover, changes in vascular function are found at resistance and microvessel levels in humans. In conduit arteries, a strong interaction between vascular function and structure is present, which results in conflicting data regarding the impact of inactivity on conduit artery function. Whilst much of the cardioprotective effect of exercise is related to the nitric oxide pathway, deconditioning may primarily be associated with activation of vasoconstrictor pathways. The effects of deconditioning on the vasculature are therefore not simply the opposite of those in response to exercise training. Given the importance of sedentary behavior, future studies should provide further insight into the impact of inactivity on the vasculature and other (novel) markers of vascular health. Moreover, studies should examine the role of (hemodynamic) stimuli that underlie the characteristic vascular adaptations during deconditioning. Our review concludes with some suggestions for future research directions. |
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Authors:
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Dick H J Thijssen; Daniel John Green; Maria T E Hopman |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-7-7 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) Volume: - ISSN: 1522-1601 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Jul |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-7-8 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8502536 Medline TA: J Appl Physiol Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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1Liverpool John Moores University. |
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